三维装箱问题的模型与改进遗传算法
关于三维装箱算法问题, 一些算法理论, 感觉对这方面的应用有一定帮助144效学的实践与认识40着∑(B,*v)≤VB,B,PD,PWy=0或者1v∈{1,2,…,D},y∈{1,2,…,W},z∈{1,2,…,H},j∈{1,2,…,n}(12目标函数是箱子未装填物品的空间最少(亦即空间浪费最少)条件(2)确保子的1个装填空间单元被装填不超过1次即保证物品间不会互相嵌入;(3)式说明上层物品会有支撑,不会悬空(4),(5),(6)式说明物品装箱位置约束;(7),(8},(9)说明物品的摆放问;(11)是箱子的容积约束2這传算法21遗俊法遗传算法(GAs)是建立在达尔文进化论基础上的搜索算法,它从代表问题潜在解的个种群( population)开始,而一个种群则由经过基因(gene)编码 coding)的一定数目的个体individual)组成遗传算法采用了自然进化模型,如选择,交叉变异等计算开始时,一定数目S个个体(父个体1、父个体2……)即种群随机地初始化,并计算每个个体的适应度函数第一代也即初始代产生如果不满足优化准则,开始产生新一代的计算为了产生新一代按照适应度选择个体,父代通过基因重组(交叉)而产生子代所有的子代按一定的概率变异然后重新计算子代的适应度,将子代插入到种群中取代父代构成新的一代循环执行这一过程,直到满足优化准则22算法设计2.21编码方法采用矩阵编码方法,用多维数组(二维矩阵表示染色体结构,数组元素表示染色体基因,编码清晰,易于理解,遗传算子操作方便染色体S=(L,P,Px,Py,T)来表示问题的一个解其中:向量L=(Li,L1,…,Ln)为待装箱物品的一个排列;向量P=(Bn,B1,…,B3n)为对应于排列L的B,一个排列向量Px=(PB,PB,…,PB)为对应于排列L的PB一个排列向量Py=(PB,PB},…,PB为对应于排列L的PBx一个排列矩阵T=(x2=欢面为对应于排列L的装箱物品坐标22适值函数问题的目标是最小化箱子的浪费空间,适应度函数可定义为空间利用率函数(S代表染色体C1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net2期陈德良,等:三维装箱问题的模型与改进遗传算法Fitness(s)(∑B3*v/若∑(B;*v)≤V否则23解的不可行性,罚函数与评估函数由于对染色体作遗传运算时可能获得不可行的子代,惩罚技术是用遗传算法解约束优化问题中最常用的技术,本质上它是通过惩罚不可行解将约束优化问题转化为无约爽问题就本文讨论的问题而言,惩罚项包括:1)物品在装箱时不交叠,即满足约束条件{2},有着∑By≤1g:(S)1,否则2)物品装箱时不能出现悬空即满足约束条件(3),有0若∑B-B+)>0g2(S)=(151,否则3)物品装箱不能超出箱子边界,即满足约束条件(4,(5)和(6),有0若吃+B(Pp++Pwy*吗)≤D1,否则0若+B*(PD*+PWy*m)≤W941,否则(17)95(S)=0,若x+B*h;≤H8)1,否则eat(s=∑9(S)b=1那么,式(14)至(18)任何一个取值为1,都是不可行评估函数eval(S)=Fitness(S)*(5-Genalty (S)24算法步骤)初始化进化代数计数器,随机产生一定数目(大于设定的初始种群规模)的染色体;2)利用式(14)检验初始种群染色体可行性,对不可行解旋转赌轮接受小部分不可行解,与可行解构成初始种群3)对初始种群染色体进行遗传运算;①按照式(14)至(20)计算评估函数:⑩按顺序交叉方法产生子代;④变异算子;4)旋转赌轮选择染色体;)重复3至4)直到完成给定的循环次数;C1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net数学的实践与认识40卷6)确定最好的染色体作为最优解3实验结果我们用C++编程实现了上述算法在配置为CPU24GH/512 Mb ram的微机上,用随机产生的数据进行实验取遗传算法运行参数为:{群体大小进化代数,交叉概率,变异概率}-{100,50,0.85,0.05}用随机产生的数据进行实验,求解20个种类100件物品的装箱问题,得到最好解耗时小于1秒;计算50个种类200件物品的装箱问题,得到最好解耗时小于2秒以下是3类共16件物品的装箱问题.实验数据图2,第!行为箱子尺『;第2至第4行为待装箱物品,每行第1个数据表小序号第2至镌4数据分别为物品尺寸,第5个数据表示物品件数在计算转桌中包含数据依次是:序号,是否装载,物品长,物品宽,物品高,纵向坐标横向坐标,垂向坐标纵向长度,横向长度,垂向长度(图4).从图4可知第12号物品未能装箱,物品装箱的顺序可以从“序号列中得出.绘制的物品装箱示意图见图31421,2,乙2,2,图2实验数据图3装箱示意图文件((格式(Q帮助新 s REPORT耗时:.1 most g sec次数:01615积:7580001016每a0库:92.875989名寸:=280;y=1210;2=300NO: P st Din 1 Din 2 in 3 C xC YPu y Pu 2202002002002001002812B20020012010010020012鲁2020012010020020020020012B100100212021201215024015824815015561111111111115152每000ao00015150240202020055020200201002001215502D0200120100100201205s012020028012015024075000015024815015024075015015024a152002009o002002001002012090020012日未装相物品121501502年图1计算结果o1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHousealLrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net2期陈德良,等:三维装箱问题的模型与改进遗传算法1474结束语装箱问题是一常见而难解的优化问题,利用遗传算法求解时,随机产生的初始解会出现大量的不可行解(装箱物品占用空间出现大量交叠),本文将箱子内部空间划分为一个个立方体单元:算法的第2)步对标准遗传算法做了修改通过剔除大量不可行解提高算法的收敛速度,实验结果表明此算法运算过程及绪果稳定,具有较强的实际应用价值能有效解决复杂的三维装箱何题,今后将继续研究将该方法运用到其它不同的有关装箱问题或组合优化问题中参考文献[1] John J, et al. An improved algctithra for the ncn-guillctine-constraincd cutting-stock problem(JIOperational Resee ch Society, 19 /0,+1: 141-149[2] Coffmau E. G, et al. ver age-case analysis of cutting and packing in two dimensions [J]. Euro. Jof Operatic al Reseaich, 1990, 44: 134-14413) Fabien C, et al. A Two-phase heuristic for the two-dinensional cutting-stock problem [J. Opera-tional Research Society, 1991, 42: 39-744 Martello Silvano, Pisinger, David, and Vigo, Daniele. The Three-Dimensional Bin Packing ProblemJ. Operations Research, 2000 Informs. Vol. 48: 256-267]何大勇,査建中,姜义东遗传算法求解复杂集装箱装载问题方法研究向]软件学报,201,12(9):13801385阿]张德富魏丽军陈青山陈火旺等.三维装箱问题的组合启发式算法软件学报,2007,18(9):20832089A Mixed Integer Programming Model ofThree-Dimensional Bin-Packing Problem and ImprovedGenetic AlgorithmsCHEN De-liang, 2, CHEN Zhi-yaSchool of Traffc &z transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 41076, China)(2. Logistics School, Central South University of Forestry Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaAbstracts The three-dimensional bin-packing problem is complicated but a high level ofinterest in developing effective way to solve this kinds of NP-hard problem. First a MixedInteger Programming model was worked out in this paper, which resorted to dividing box spaceinto unit cube. Then an improved genetic algorithm was mainly developed. Tests on hundredsof problems show that this algorithm makes the most of volume utilization in minimal timeKeywords: three-dimensional bin-packing problem; space division; mixed integer program-ming model; improved genetic algorithmso01994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishinghOuse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.net
- 2020-12-05下载
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UDS诊断程序，整车网络测试应用程序（PCAN-UDS API – User Manual.pdf）
UDS_PCAN_APIA应用程序，整车网络诊断应用程序，超值！（PEAK CAN UDS Application Programming InterfaceUser Manual.pdf）PCAN-UDS APi- User ManualContents1 PCAN-UDS API Documentation2 Introduction2.1 Understanding PCAN-UDS2.2 Using PCAN-UDS2.3 Features7888992.4 System Requi rements2.5 Scope of supply3 DLL API Reference3.1 Namespaces103.1.1 Peak Can uds3.2 Units3.21 PuDs Unit3.3 Classes3.3.1 UDSApi3.3.2 TUDSApi3. 4 structures1022334553.4.1 TPUDSMsg3.4.2 TPUDSSessionInfo3.43 TPUDSNetAddrinfo3.5 Types213.5.1 TPUDSCANHand]e223.5.2 TPUDSstatus233.5.3 TPUDSBaudrate253.5.4 TPUDSHWType283.5.5 TPUDSResult303.5.6 TPUDSParameter313.5.7 TPUDSService393.5.8 TPUDSAddress423.5.9 TPUDSCanId443.5.10 TPUDSProtoco l463.5.11 TPUDSAddressingType483.5.12 TPUDSMessageType493.5.13 TPUDSSVCParamDSC503.5.14 TPUDSSVCParamER513.5.15 TPUDSSVCParamcc533.5.16 TPUDSSVCParamTP543.5.17 TPUDSSVCParamcdTCS543.5.18 TPUDSSvCParamROE553.5.19 TPUDSSvCParamROERe commendedserviceID573.5.20 TPUDSSVCParamLC583.5.21 TPUDSSvcParamLCBaudrateidentifier593.5.22 TPUDSSVCParamDI603.5.23 TPUDSSVCParamRDBPI643.5.24 TPUDSSVCParamDDDI653,525 TPUDSSyCParamRDTCI66PCAN-UDS APi- User Manual3.5.26 TPUDSSVCParamRDTCI DTCSVM6935.27 TPUDSSYCParamIOCBI703.5.28 TPUDSSvCParamRC3.5.29 TPUDSSVCParaMRC RID723.6 Methods733.6.1 Initialize753.6.2 Initialize(TpudsCanhandle, tpudsbaudrate)3.6.3 Initialize(TPUdsCANhandle, TPUdSBaudrate, TPudSHWType, UInt32,UInt16)83.6.4 Uninitialize813.6.5 Setvalue843.6.6 Setvalue (TPUdsCanhandle, tpudsparameter, UInt32, uint32)843.6Setvalue (TPUdSCaNHandle, TPUDSParameter, stringBufferUint32)873.6.8 Setvalue (TPUDSANHandle, TPUDSParameter, Byte[], Uint32)883.6.9 Setvalue(Tpudscanhand le, tpudsparameter, IntPtr, UInt32)3.6.10 Getvalue933.6.11 Getvalue (TPUDSCANHandle, TPUDSParameter, StringBufferUint32)933.6. 12 Getvalue (TPUDSCANHandle, tpudsparameter, uint32, Uint32)963.6.13 Getvalue (TPUDsCaNHandle, TPUDSParameter, Byte l], UInt32)993.6. 14 Getvalue (TPUdSCAnhandle, tpudSParameter, Intptr, UInt32)1013.6.15 Getstatus1043.6.16Read1073.6.17 Write3.6.18 Reset1143.6.19 WaitForsing lemessage1163. 6.20 WaitFormultiplemessage1203.6.21 Waitforseryice1263.6.22 WaitForservicefunctional1303.6.23 ProcessResponse1333.6. 24 SvCDiagnosticsessioncontro l1383.6.25 SVCECUReset1413.6.26 SvcSecuri tyAccess1453.6.27 SvCCommunicationControl1483.6.28 SvcTesterpresent1523.6.29 SvcsecuredDataTransmission1553.6.30 SvcControlDTCSetting1583.6.31 SvcResponseonEvent1623.6.32 SVCLinkcontrol1663.6.33 SVCReaddatabyidentifier1703.6. 34 SvcReadMemory ByAddress1733.6.35 SvcReadscal ingdatabyidentifier1773.6. 36 SvcReadDataByperiodicIdentifier1803.6.37 SvcDynamicallydefinedataIdentifierDBID1843.6.38 SvcDynamicall ydefineDataIdentifierDBMA1883.6. 39 SvcDynamical lyDefineDataIdentifierCDDDI1933.6.40 SvcWri teDataByidentifier1973.6. 41 Svcwri teMemory byaddress2003.6.42 SvcClearDi agnosticInformation2053. 6. 43 SVCReadDTCInformation2083.6.44 SvCReadDTCInformationRDTCSSBDTC2113. 6. 45 SvCReaddTCInformationRDTCSSBRN215PCAN-UDS APi- User Manual3. 6.46 SVcReadDTCInformationReportExtended2183.6. 47 SvcReadDTCInformationReportseverity2213,648 SvcReaddTCInformationrsIodtc2253. 6.49 SvCReadDTCInformationNoParam2283.6.50 SvcInputout put contro byidentifier2323. 6.51 SyCRoutineControl2363.6.52 SvCReques tOwn load2393.6.53 SvcRequestUp load2433. 6.54 SVCTransferData2483.6.55 SvCRequestTransferExit2513.7 Functions2563.7.1 UDS Initialize2583.7.2 UDs Uninitialize2593.7.3 UDs Setvalue2603.7.4 UDs Getvalue2613.7.5 UDS Getstatus2623.7.6 UDS Read2643.7.7 UDs Write2653.7.8 UDs Reset2663.7.9 UDS_WaitForsinglemessage2673.7.10 UDS_waitForMultipleMessage2693.7.11 UDs Wai ce2723.7.12 UDS WaitForserviceFunctional2733.7.13 UDS_ Processresponse2753.7.14 UDS_SvcDiagnosticSessionControl2773.7.15 UDS SVCECUReset2783.7.16 DS_SVCSecuri tyAccess2803.7.17 UDS SVCCommunicationcontrol2813.7.18 UDs SvCTesterpresent2833719 UDS SvCSecuredDatatransmission2843.7.20 UDS_SvCControlDTCSetting2863.7.21 UDS_SVCResponseonEvent2873,7.22 UDs SVCLinkcontrol2893.7.23 UDS_SvcReaddatabyidentifier2913.7.24 UDS_SvcReadMemory byAddress2923.7.25 uDs_ SvcReadscalingdatabyidentifier2943.7.26 UDS_SvCReadDataBy Periodi iDentifier2953.7. 27 UDS_SVcDynamical l yDefineDataIdentifierDBID2973.7.28 UDS_SvcDynami call ydefinedataIdentifierDBMa2993.7.29 UDS_SvcDynami cal l yDefineDataIdentifierCDDDI3013. 7.30 UDS_SvcWriteDataByIdentifier3023,7.31 UDs SvcWri teMemorybyaddress3033.7. UDS_SvcClearDiagnosticInformation3053.7.33 UDS SVCReadDTCInformation3073.7. UDs SyCReadDTCInformationRdtCSSBDTC3093.7.35 uDs SvCReadDTCInformationRdtcssbrn3103.7.36 UDS_ SvCReadDTCInformationReportExtended3113.7.37 UDS_SvcReadDTCInformationReportseverity3133.7.38 UDS SVCReadDTCInformationRSIODTC3153,739 UDS SVCReadDTCInformationNoParam3163. 7.40 UDS_SvcInputoutput contro l byIdentifier3,7. 41 UDs SyCRoutinecontrol319PCAN-UDS APi- User Manual3.7.42 UDS_SvcRequestDown load3213.7.43 UDS_ SVCRequestupload32337.44 UDS SyCTransferData3253.7.45 UDS_SVCRequestTransferExit3263.8 Definitions3293.8.1 PCAN-UDS Handle Definitions3293.8.2 Parameter value defintions3313.8.3 TPUDSMsg Member value Definitions3323.8.4 PCAN-UDs Service parameter Definitions3334 Additional Information3354.1 PCAn Fundamentals33542 PCAN-Basic3364.3 UDS and ISO-TP Network Addressing Information3384.3.1 ISO-TP network addressing format3384.4 USing Events3405 License Information3426PCAN-UDS APi- User Manual1 PCAn-UDS APi DocumentationWelcome to the documentation of PCan-UD APl, a PEAK CAN API that implements ISo 15765-3, UDS in CANan international standard that allows a diagnostic tester(client) to control diagnostic functions in an on-vehicleElectronic Control Unit(ECU or serveIn the following chapters you will find all the information needed to take advantage of this aPlIntroduction on page 8DLL API Reference on page 10Additional Information on page 335PCAN-UDS APi- User Manual2 IntroductionPCAN-UDS is a simple programming interface intended to support windows automotive applications that usePEAK-Hardware to communicate with Electronic Control Units(ECU) connected to the bus systems of a car, formaintenance purpose2.1 Understanding PCAN-UDSUDS stands for Unified Diagnostic Services and is a communication protocol of the automotive industry. thisprotocol is described in the norm iSo 14229-1The UDS protocol is the result of 3 other standardized diagnostic communication protocolsIS0 14230-3, as known as Keyword 2000 Protocol(KWP2000L IS0 15765-3, as known as diagnostic on CANISo 15765-2, as known as ISo-TPThe idea of this protocol is to contact all electronic data units installed andCAN OBDninterconnected in a car, in order to provide maintenance, as checking for errors,actualizing of firmware, etcUDS is a Client/Server oriented protocol. In a UDS session(diagnostic session ),aprogram application on a computer constitutes the client(within UDS, it is calledPCAN-UDSTester), the server is the ecu being tested and the diagnostic requests from client toserver are called services. The client always starts with a request and this ends with apositive or negative response from the server(ECuSince the transport protocol of UDS is done using ISo-TP, an international standardPCAN ISOTPfor sending data packets over a CAN Bus, the maximum data length that can betransmitted in a single data-block is 4095 bytes.PCAN-UDS API is an implementation of the Uds on CAN standard the physicalcommunication is carried out by PCAN-Hardware (PCAN-USB, PCAN-PCI etc )throughPCAN-Basithe pCAN-ISo-TP and PCAN-Basic API (free CAN APls from PEAK-System). Because ofthis it is necessary to have also the pCAN-1S0-tP and PCAN-Basic APls(PCAN-ISO-TP. dll and PCAN Basic. dll) present on the working computer where UdS is intended tobe used. PCAN-UDS, PCAN-ISO-TP and PCan-Basic apis are free and available for allFigure 1: Relationship of thepeople that acquire a pCAn-hardware2.2 Using PCAN-UDSSince PCAN-UDS API is built on top of the PCAN-1So-TP API and PCAN-Basic APls, it shares similar functions. Itoffers the possibility to use several PCAn-UDS (PUds) channels within the same application in an easy way. Thecommunication process is divided in 3 phases: initialization interaction and finalization of a puds-channelInitialization In order to do UDS on CAN communication using a channel, it is necessary to initialize it first. Thisis done by making a call to the function UDS_ Initialize (class- method: InitializePCAN-UDS APi- User ManualInteraction: After a successful initialization a channel is ready to communicate with the connected can bus.Further configuration is not needed the 24 functions starting with UDS Svc(class-methods: starting with Svccan be used to transmit UdS requests and the utility functions starting with Uds WaitFor(class- methodsstarting with WaitFor) are used to retrieve the results of a previous request. the Uds read and UDS Write(class-methods: Read and Write are lower level functions to read and write UDs messages from scratch. Ifdesired, extra configuration can be made to improve a communication session, like service request timeouts orISo-TP parametersFinalization: When the communication is finished, the function UDS_ Uninitialize(class-method: Uninitializeshould be called in order to release the puds-channel and the resources allocated for it. In this way thechannel is marked as free"and can be used from other applications23 FeaturesI mplementation of the UDS protocol(iSo 14229-1)for the communication with control unitsWindows DLLs for the development of 32-bit and 64-bit applicationsPhysical communication via Can using a Can interface of the pcan seriesUses the pcan-Basic programming interface to access the can hardware in the computerUses the pCAn-ISo-TP programming interface(iso 15765-2)for the transfer of data packages up to 4095bytes via the can bus2.4 System Requi rementsL- Windows 10, 8.1, 7(32/64-bitAt least 512 Mb ram and 1 GHz CPUPC CAN interface from peak-SystemPCAN-Basic APlL PCAN-SO-TP API2.5 Scope of supplyInterface DLL, examples, and header files for all common programming languagesDocumentation in pdf formatDocumentation in HTML Help formatPCAN-UDS APi- User Manual3 DLL API ReferenceThis section contains information about the data types (classes, structures, types, defines enumerations)andAPI functions which are contained in the pcan-uds api3.1 NamespacesPEAK offers the implementation of some specific programming interfaces as namespaces for the. NEtFramework programming environment. The following namespaces are available:NamespacesNameDescription}PeakContains all namespaces that are part of the managed programming environment fromPEAK-SystemPeak CanContains types and classes for using the PCan aPi from PEAK-SystemPeak Can. LightContains types and classes for using the PCAn-Light API from PEAK-SystemPeak Can basicContains types and classes for using the pcan-Basic APl from PEAK-SystemPeak Can CcpContains types and classes for using the CCP API implementation from PEAK-SystemPeak Can XcpContains types and classes for using the XcP aPi implementation from PEAK-SystemPeak Can. Iso TpContains types and classes for using the pCAN-IS0-TP aPl implementation from PEAKSystelPeak Can, UdsContains types and classes for using the PCan-UDS API implementation from PEAK-SystemPeakCan.Obdll Contains types and classes for using the PCAN-OBDIll API implementation from PEAKSystemt}Peak. LinContains types and classes used to handle with lin devices from PEAK-Systemt}Peak. RP1210AContains types and classes used to handle with can devices from PEak-System through theTMC Recommended Practices 1210, version A, as known as RP1210(A3.1.1 Peak Can UdsThe peak Can. Uds namespace contains types and classes to use the pcan-UdS aPi within the. NET Frameworkprogramming environment and handle pcan devices from peak-SystemRemarks: Under the delphi environment, these elements are enclosed in the puds-Unit. the functionality of allelements included here is just the same. the difference between this namespace and the delphi unit consists inthe fact that delphi accesses the Windows api directly it is not managed code)AliasesAliasDescriptionTPUDSCANHandle Represents a pCAn-UDS channel handleClassesClassDescription像曰UDSApiDefines a class which represents the PCAN-UDS API10
- 2020-06-27下载
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