RTCM3.3协议全
全新RTCM3.3协议完整版RTCM STANDARD 10403.3DIFFERENTIAL GNSS(GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS)SERVICES – VERSION 3DEVELOPED BYRTCM SPECIAL COMMITTEE NO. 104OCTOBER 7, 2016COPYRIGHT©2016 RTCMRadio Technical Commission for Maritime Services1611 N. Kent St., Suite 605Arlington, Virginia 22209-214RTCM Paper 141-2016-SC104-STD000ocRTCMco00c30RTCM 10403. 3, Differential GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems)Services- Version 3, October 7, 2016This standard (referred to as version 3 has been developed by rtCm special Committee 104 as a moreefficient alternative to the standards entitled rtcm recommended standards for diffe rentialRecommended Standards for Differential gNss Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service, Version 2.x(Current version is 2. 3, now designated as RTCM 10402. 3. Service providers and vendors represented onthe SC104 Committee wanted a new standard that would be more efficient, easy to use, and more easilyadaptable to new situations. The main complaint was that the version 2. x parity scheme, which useswords with 24 bits of data followed by 6 bits of parity, was wasteful of bandwidth. Another complaint wasthat the parity was not independent from word to word. Still another was that even with so many bitsdevoted to parity the actual integrity of the message was not as high as it should be. Plus, 30-bit wordsare awkward to handle. the new standard version 3 is intended to correct these weaknessesUnlike Version 2. x, this standard does not include tentative messages The messages in Version 3 haveundergone testing for validity and interoperability and are considered to be permanent. amendments tothe standard may change the meaning of reserved bits or provide additional clarifying text, but no changeswill be made in the data fields. Changes will require new messages to be developed. In addition to themessages described in the current standard the committee continues to develop new messages whichare described in separately published amendments and periodically gathered into a new edition of thestandard. RTCM 10403x for dgNSS services is proving useful in supporting highly accurate differentialand kinematic positioning as well as a wide range of navigation applications worldwideNote that Version 3 messages are not compatible with Version 2. x. Since many receivers have beendesigned and programmed for use with Version 2. x messages, rtCm is maintaining both standards0402 3 and 10403, 3 as" standardsVersion 3.0The initial edition consisted primarily of messages designed to support real-time kinematic (RTK)operations. The reason for this emphasis is that rtk operation involves broadcasting a lot of informationand thus benefits the most from an efficient data format. Version 3.0 provided messages that supportGPS and gloNaSs rTK operations including code and carrier phase observables antenna parametersand ancillary system parametersVersion 3. 1(RTCM Standard 10403.1:The next edition, Version 3. 1 (RTCM Standard 10403. 1), incorporated GPS Network Corrections, whichenable a mobile receiver to obtain accurate rtk information valid over a large area. In addition, new GPSand GLoNaSS messages provide orbital parameters to assist in rapid acquisition a Unicode text messageis also provided for the transmission of textual data. Finally a set of messages are reserved for vendorswho want to encapsulate proprietary data in their broadcasts the gps Network Corrections enable amobile receiver to obtain accurate rtk information valid over a large area. the network rtk correctioninformation provided to a rover can be considered as interpolated corrections between the referencestations in the rtk network this interpolation is not perfect and varies with the actual conditions of theatmosphere. A residual interpolation error has to be expected. With sufficient redundancy in the RtKnetwork, the network server process can provide an estimate for residual interpolation errors. Suchquality estimates may be used by the rover to optimize the performance of rtk solutions The values maybe considered by the rover as a priori estimates only with sufficient tracking data available the rovermight be able to judge residual geometric and ionospheric errors itselfVersion 3. 1. Amendment 1:Amendments 1 was an extensive addition that adds rtcm messages containing transformation data andinformation about Coordinate reference Systems. For rtCm data supporting a rtk service, coordinatesare measured within the itrf or a regional realization surve yors and other users of rtk services mustnormally present their results in the coordinates of local datums. Therefore, coordinate transformationsare necessary. by having RTCM messages that contain transformation data and information about theCoordinate reference systems the users of the rtk service can obtain their results in the desired datumwithout any manual operations. the rtk service providers can then ensure that current information forthe computation of the transformations is always used. the convenience of this method will promote theacceptance of rtK servicesVersion 3. 1. amendment 2:Amendment 2 added residual error messages to support the use of Non-Physical or Computed referenceStations in a network rtk environmentVersion 3. 1. amendment 3:Amendment 3 addressed differences in the way gnss receiver manufacturers have implemented carrierphase encoding of some Version 3 messages so that carrier phase observations are in phase for all carrierphases of a specific frequency i e. they correct for quarter cycle phase shifts. others retain the quartercycle offset between the carrier phase observations in the data. this amendment documents the waydifferent manufacturers have handled the phase shift issue and prescribes a uniform approach for futureproducts.∨ersiⅰon3.1, Amendment4:Amendment 4 added sections 3.5.13 on glONASS Network rtK Correction Messages and 3.5. 14 on FKPNetwork Rtk Correction Messages Related revisions were also made elsewhere in the document.Version 3. 1. amendment 5Amendment 5 added section 3. 5. 12 on State Space Representation related revisions are also madeelsewhere in the document, along with some editorial correctionsVersion 3. 2(RTCM Standard 10403.2)Version 3.2 consolidates Version 3. 1 and all five amendments into a new edition, and it adds MultipleSignal Messages (MSM)as well. the Multiple Signal Message (MSm)format generates receiverobservables in the same way for all included satellite systems. the messages include compact and fullmessages for Pseudorange, PhaseRange, Carrier to Noise Ratio (standard and high resolution), andPhaseRangeratea table near the beginning of the standard lists which messages were included in each separate editionand amendment, so it should not be necessary for users to refer to older versions. Multiple signalMessages are a generic format that will be followed for all GNSs systems. version 3 originally consisted ofmessages for GPS and GLONASS, each in their own format Now with the imminent addition of signals forBeiDou, Galileo, and QZSS, as well as new signals provided by modernized GPS and GloNASS satellitesthe need for a consistent generic format became evident. service providers and users are urged to migrateto the MsM messages to make it easier to accommodate new gNss services(See The RTCM Multiple Signal Messages: A New Step in GNSS Data Standardization")Another newmessage is the gloNaSS Bias Information message. This message provides information which is intendedto compensate for the first-order inter-frequency phase range biases introduced by the reference receivercode- phase biasVersion 3.2, Amendment 1:Added Galileo F/NAv Satellite Ephemeris Data(msg. 1045 )and Bds MSM(msgs. 1121-1127)Version 3.2 amendment 2Added qzss ephemeris(msg. 1044 )and QZss MSm (msgs. 1111-1117Version 3. 3(RTCM Standard 10403.3)This new edition adds Satellite-Based Augmentation System Multiple Signal Messages to previouslydopted messages for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and QzssA new ephemeris message has been added for BeiDou(BDS)and a new I/NAV ephemeris message hasbeen added for Galileo. The new edition also reserves 100 messages be used exclusively by sc104 fornew message developmentFinally, the new edition makes consolidates previous amendments and makes numerous editorialImprovementsNavstar GPS Service, Version 2. x. Service providers and vendors represented on the scco000c30z1O2co00c30Contentsco00c30
- 2020-06-27下载
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基于LMS 算法的多麦克风降噪
武汉理工大学 信息处理课设 基于LMS 算法的多麦克风降噪 给定主麦克风录制的受噪声污染的语音信号和参考麦克风录制的噪声，实现语音增强的目标，得到清晰的语音信号。2007控制科学与工程全国博士生学术论坛2007年8月其中日为语音信号与麦克风阵列所在平面的夹角,d为麦克风间距,c为声音传播速度,f为信号采样率。固定波束形成器通过延时求和单元产生参考语音信号y(n),y(n)与y(m)分别代表期望语音信号与噪声信号。y,(n)4x(m)=y(m)+y/(m(3)信号通过阻塞矩阵产生噪声参考信号用来估计波束形成输出信号中的噪声成分。选取B使其中任意行向量之和为零,即任意行向量线性无关。为了进一步降低噪声参考信号中的语音泄漏,参考文献“提出了用自适应阻塞矩阵替代固定阻塞矩阵的方法。ynly2nMM-[nJ]=BLun], u2n],umn自适应噪声抵消器ANC通过对输入噪声参考信号进行自适应滤波处理抵消了参考信号y,(m)中的噪声成分,得到增强的语音信号。em]=y[m-∑nnl3LMS自适应算法及改进31LMS自适应算法GSC架构中的自适应噪声抵消器ANC需要用增强的语音信号作为反馈对滤波器权值进行自适应更新。很多自适应算法基于LMS及其改进形式, Clark提出的块LMS算法使得滤波器的自适应逐块更新而非传统LMS滤波器逐点更新4, HOSHUYAMA、 Kellermann分别提出的基于范数约束自适应算法的权值更新,以及频域无约束实现。这些算法基本结构如图2所示y(n-1)(n-L+1)wo(ne(ny/(n)图2自适应横向滤波器结构图图2为图1中的M-1路L阶多通道自适应噪声对消器中某一路的展开形式,其抽头输入向量为[ym]yn-]yn-L+1],对应的抽头权向量为wmwn]w-]。LMS算法的梯度向量通过G2007控制科学与工程全国博士生学术论坛2007年8月计算抽头输入相关矩阵R和抽头输入与期望响应间互相关向量p得到VJ(n)=-2p+2Rv(m),将R和p的瞬态估计R(n)=y(m)y"(n),p(n)=y(n)y/(m)代入,得出梯度向量的瞬态估计:VJ(n)=-2y(n)y, (n+2y(n)y"(n)w(n)进而推出LMS算法权值更新公式为w(n+1)=w(n)+uy(n)Ly(n)-y"(n)w(n)32基于稳态噪声的自适应算法改进考查图2中具有L个抽头权值的LMS算法,抽头权值与抽头输入一一对应。在传统的逐点更新LMS算法中,每计算一个输出需要L次乘法,而更新一次抽头权值也需要L次乘法,故每次迭代需要2L次乘法。对于L个输出样值,所需要的乘法次数为2次。针对传统LMS算法复杂度高的缺点,Ca利用离散傅立叶变换在频域完成滤波器系数的自适应提出了快速块LMS箅法, Ann Spriet在此基础上通过改进LMS算法中的步长矩阵进一步降低了算法复杂度以上LMS算法改进均在图2的横向滤波器架构下进行,即抽头权值与抽头输入一一对应。考虑到稳态噪声的特点,本文提出了“一对多”的滤波器抽头权值更新算法,即L个输入样值共享一个滤波器权值。如此M路多麦克风语音增强系统中的ANC滤波器权值便由(M-1)×L维矩阵W[n=[w[η],n2[rl…wM-[r],其中H[n]=[won],w1[nw-r]退化为(M-1)×1维向量n]=[wryw2n],M-m]j。改进算法权值更新公式为w(n+D)=w(n)+uBu(nu"(n)[A-Bw(n)其中B为阻塞矩阵,A为固定波束形成器,为步长,U(n)为LxM维输入信号。与传统的“一对一”LMS滤波器相比,“一对多”结构在降低算法复杂度的同时,牺牲了前者具有的时间域严格对齐的特性。为降低这一缺点对系统降噪性能的影响,应在频域进行噪声对消,改进算法的多麦克风语音增强系统结构如图3所示。e(n)(n)B Yn图3改进的噪声消除算法结构图3中用虚线框表示可选滤波器权值w。由于实际应用中语音泄漏的存在,在参考语音信号中加入v能有效补偿由语音泄漏引起的语音崎变⑩。实际应用中由于阻塞矩阵输出不可避免的存在语音泄4642007控制科学与工程全国博士生学术论坛2007年8月漏,为了避免期望信号的消除,箅法中加入语音活动检测单元89,当前帧为噪声时更新滤波器系数,当前帧为语音信号时,滤波器系数不变33算法复杂度比较表1列出了本文算法与其他几种噪声消除算法之间算法复杂度的比较。我们采用实数乘法运算次数作为衡量算法复杂度的标准,每个N点傅立叶变换或其反变换需要Mlog2N次实数乘法运算。传统逐点LMS算法在时间域逐点更新滤波器权值。快速块LMS算法与多通道 Wiener算法通过FFT快速循环卷积特性实现LMS中的线性卷积运算,从而降低算法复杂度。本文算法在此基础上通过改进滤波器抽头权值更新算法进一步降低运算复杂度。由表1可见,当麦克风数目M4,L=32时,本文算法与多通道 Wiener滤波算法相比,R(3M+2)FT+8ML+2M63M+2)+4M2+6M_172(M+2)FFT+2ML6(M+2)+M40°文算法运算量降低了4倍左右。表1算法复杂度比较算法名称算法复杂度传统逐点LMS算法2ML快速块LMS算法(41(3M+2)FFT+16ML多通道 Wiener滤波算法53M+2)FFT+8M2+12M本文提出的算法(M+2)FF+2M…图4a)麦克风采集到的原始信号b)采用快速块LMS算法处理后的信号[4]c)采用多通道 Wiener滤波算法[10处理后的信号d采用本文算法处理后的信号4实验结果与分析实验采用线性排列的4个间距为4厘米的麦克风组成的语音采集系统,采样率为44KHZ,说话人位于阵列的正前方,噪声为稳态噪声,其与麦克风阵列法线所夹角度为50度。图4比较了麦克风采集到的信号、采用本文算法处理后的语音信号以及采用其他主流语音增强算法处理后的语音信号的时域波形。由4652007控制科学与工程全国博士生学术论坛2007年8月图4可见采用本文算法处理的语音信号背景噪声有明显降低。为进一步分析各种语音增强算法消噪能力,分别按照公式9计算各算法输出信号的信噪比,其中k代表帧序列号,N代表噪声,Y代表输出语音信号,L为帧长。∑(Y(k,2)2-|N(k,)SNRou(E)=10 log,o∑1MV6)图5釆用各箅法输出信号信噪比与输入信号信噪比之差来衡量噪声降低程度。由图5看出,在本文算法基础上在参考通道中加入可选滤波器权值能够进一步消除背景噪声,提高输出信噪比。苯文鲜法(使用权值w)木文好法未使用权值y块LMS算法Frame Number图5信噪比增强对比5结论本文在稳态噪声的前提下,提出了一种基于广义旁瓣消除器架构具有低算法复杂度的噪声消除算法,该算法通过改进LMS滤波器权值更新算法来达到降低算法复杂度的目的。实验结果证明,在稳态噪声环境下,该方法降噪性能优于传统LMS算法,同时有效降低了传统算法的算法复杂度。在现实生活中一些存在稳态噪声的场合,如发动机舱、厂房等该算法具有很强的实用价值。参考文献[U]LJ. Griffiths and C. W. Jim []. "An altemative approach to linearly constrained adaptive beamforming, IEEE Trans. AntennasProcess., voL. AP-30, no. I, pp 27-34, Jan. 1982.[2]0. Hoshuyama, A Sugiyama, and A Hirano [J]. "A robust adaptive beamformer for microphone arrays with a blocking matrixusing constrained adaptive filters, "IEEE Trans. Signal Process. vol 47, pp. 2677-2683, Oct. 1999[3]W. Herbordt and W Kellermann [J]. " Frequency-domain integration of acoustic echo cancellation and a generalized sidelobecanceller with improved robustness, "Eur. Trans. Telecommun., voL. 13, no 2, pp 123-132, Mar. -Apr. 2002.[4]Clark. G.A., S K Mitra, and S.R. Parker [J]. Block implementation of adaptive digital filters, "IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst,voL. CAS-28,PP584-592.1981.[5]Ann Spriet, Jan Wouters, Simon Doclo, Marc Moonen, "Frequency-Domain Criterion for the Speech Distortion WeightedMultichannel Wiener Filter for Robust Noise Reduction", Ap: //ftp. esat kuleuven. ac, be/pub/SISTA/doclo/reports/04-240 pdf[6JH. Buchner, J. Benesty, W. Kellermann J]. Generalized multichannel frequencydomain adaptive filtering: efficient realizationand application to hands free speech communication", Signal Processing 85(3), PP 549-570. 2005[7]W.Herbordt and W. Kellermann [A]. " Efficient Frequency-domain realization of robust generalized sidelobe cancellers", IEEE4662007控制科学与工程全国博士生学术论坛2007年8月Fourth workshop, multimedia signal Processing, PP. 377-382 2001[8]S. Van Gerven, F. Xie [J. "A Comparative Study of Speech Detection Methods", Proc. EUROSPEECH, VoL 3, Rhodos, Greecepp.1095-1098.1997[9]J Sohn, N.S.Kim, W Sung [] A Statistical Model-Based Voice Activity Detection", IEEE Signal Processing Lett. 6(1)1-31999[10]A Spriet, M. Moonen, J Wouters[]. Robustness Analysis of Multi-channel wiener Filtering and generalized sidelobeCancellation for Multi-microphone Noise Reduction in Hearing Aid Applications", IEEE Trans. Speech and Audio Processing, 13(4)PP.487-503.2005[IlJFerrara, E R r [] Fast implementation of LMS adaptive filters", IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process,voL.ASSP-28pp474-475.1980[12]S. Doclo and M. Moonen[J]. " Multi-microphone noise reduction using recursive GSVD-based optimal filtering with ANCpostprocessing stage, "IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process., vol. 13, no. 1,Pp 53-69, Jan. 2005[13]Philipos C Loizou [J]. "Speech Enhancement Based on Perceptually Motivated Bayesian Estimators of the MagnitudeSpectrum" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING, VOL 13, NO 5, Pp.857-869, 2005种新的基于稳态噪声的噪声消除算法旧WANFANG DATA文献链接作者:董鹏宇,朱子元,林涛作者单位:同济大学超大规模集成电路研究所,上海20009本文链接http://d.g.wanfangdata.comcn/confereNce6584700.aspx
- 2020-11-28下载
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