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一本很详尽的磁件书，里面的例子使用 【核心代码】目 录第一章 磁的基本概念………………………………………………………………………11.1 磁的基本现象 …………………………………………………………………………………11.2 电流与磁场…………………………………………………………………………………… 11.3 磁的单位和电磁基本定律………………………………………………………………… 2 1.3.1 磁感应强度(B-磁通密度) ……………………………………………………………………3 1.3.2 磁通……………………………………………………………………………………………3 1.3.3 磁导率µ和磁场强度 H ………………………………………………………………………3 1.3.4 安培环路定律………………………………………………………………………………… 4 1.3.5 电磁感应定律………………………………………………………………………………… 5 1.3.6 电磁能量关系 …………………………………………………………………………………6 本章要点 7第二章 电路中的磁性元件…………………………………………………………………82.1 自感……………………………………………………………………………………………82.2 互感……………………………………………………………………………………………82.2.1 线圈之间的互感 ………………………………………………………………………………92.2.2 互感系数………………………………………………………………………………………92.2.3 互感电动势……………………………………………………………………………………92.2.4 互感电路………………………………………………………………………………………102.3 变压器…………………………………………………………………………………………122.3.1 变压器空载……………………………………………………………………………………132.3.2 变压器负载状态………………………………………………………………………………132.3.3 变压器等效电路………………………………………………………………………………14 本章要点…………………………………………………………………………………………15第三章 磁路和电感计算………………………………………………………………… 173.1 磁路的概念…………………………………………………………………………………173.2 磁路的欧姆定律 ……………………………………………………………………………173.3 磁芯磁场和磁路 ……………………………………………………………………………193.3.1 无气隙磁芯磁场 ………………………………………………………………………………193.3.2 E 型磁芯磁场和等效磁路……………………………………………………………………213.3.3 气隙磁导的计算 ………………………………………………………………………………233.4 电感计算………………………………………………………………………………………273.4.1 导线和无磁芯线圈的电感计算－经验公式…………………………………………………283.4.2 磁芯电感………………………………………………………………………………………33 本章要点……………………………………………………………………………………………35第四章 软磁材料………………………………………………………………………………364.1 磁性材料的磁化………………………………………………………………………………364.2 磁材料的磁化曲线……………………………………………………………………………364.2.1 磁性物质磁化过程和初始磁化曲线 …………………………………………………………364.2.2 饱和磁滞回线和基本参数……………………………………………………………………374.3 磁芯损耗………………………………………………………………………………………38 4.3.1 磁化能量和磁滞损耗 Ph………………………………………………………………………384.3.2 涡流损耗 Pe ……………………………………………………………………………………394.3.3 剩余损耗 Pc ……………………………………………………………………………………404.4 磁化曲线的测量和显示……………………………………………………………………… 414.4.1 测试原理和电路 ……………………………………………………………………………… 414.4.2 磁化曲线的显示 …………………………………………………………………………… 424.5 相对磁导率µr……………………………………………………………………………………434.5.1 最大磁导率μm…………………………………………………………………………………434.5.2 初始磁导率μI …………………………………………………………………………………434.5.3 增量磁导率µ∆………………………………………………………………………………… 434.5.4 有效磁导率μe…………………………………………………………………………………444.5.5 幅值磁导率µa …………………………………………………………………………………444.6 常用软磁材料 ………………………………………………………………………………… 464.6.1 对软磁材料的要求 …………………………………………………………………………… 464.6.2 合金磁材料 ……………………………………………………………………………………464.6.3 磁粉芯…………………………………………………………………………………………514.6.4 软磁铁氧体材料……………………………………………………………………………… 524.7 软磁材料的选用原则 ……………………………………………………………………………56 本章要点 ……………………………………………………………………………………………56第五章 变换器中磁芯的工作要求……………………………………………………………585.1 Ⅰ类工作状态－Buck 变换器滤波电感磁芯……………………………………………………585.2 Ⅱ类工作状态－正激变换器变压器 ……………………………………………………………605.3 Ⅲ类工作状态－推挽型变换器中变压器 …………………………………………………… 625.3.1 输出交流时逆变器中的变压器 ………………………………………………………………635.3.2 SPWM 交流输出滤波电感 ………………………………………………………………… 655.3.3 直流输出时变压器的工作状态 ……………………………………………………………… 665.4 准Ⅲ工作状态－磁放大器磁芯工作状态………………………………………………………685.4.1 磁放大器原理 …………………………………………………………………………………685.4.2 实际应用举例 …………………………………………………………………………………69本章要点 ………………………………………………………………………………………70第六章 线圈 ………………………………………………………………………………………716.1 集肤效应…………………………………………………………………………………………716.2 线圈磁场和邻近效应…………………………………………………………………………736.3 变压器线圈的漏感……………………………………………………………………………746.3.1 典型变压器磁芯的漏感分析…………………………………………………………………746.3.2 其他结构的漏磁……………………………………………………………………………… 766.3.3 减少漏磁的主要方法－线圈交错绕…………………………………………………………766.4 邻近效应对多层线圈影响………………………………………………………………………766.4.1 多层线圈………………………………………………………………………………………776.4.2 线圈的并联……………………………………………………………………………………806.4.3 无源损耗………………………………………………………………………………………816.5 线圈结构…………………………………………………………………………………………826.5.1 绝缘、热阻和电流密度………………………………………………………………………826.5.2 计算有效值电流 ………………………………………………………………………………856.5.3 窗口充填系数 kw ………………………………………………………………………………866.5.4 电路拓扑………………………………………………………………………………………87 6.6 线圈间电容和端部电容…………………………………………………………………………87 本章要点………………………………………………………………………………………89第七章 功率变压器设计 ………………………………………………………………………907.1 变压器设计一般问题……………………………………………………………………………907.1.1 变压器功能……………………………………………………………………………………907.1.2 变压器的寄生参数及其影响…………………………………………………………………907.1.3 温升和损耗 ……………………………………………………………………………………997.1.4 充填系数………………………………………………………………………………………927.1.5 电路拓扑………………………………………………………………………………………927.1.6 频率……………………………………………………………………………………………927.1.7 占空度………………………………………………………………………………………937.1.8 匝数和匝比选取………………………………………………………………………………947.1.9 磁通偏移………………………………………………………………………………………967.1.10 磁芯选择……………………………………………………………………………………977.2 变压器设计基本步骤………………………………………………………………………101第八章 电感和反激变压器设计……………………………………………………………1068.1 应用场合 ………………………………………………………………………………………1068.1.1 输出滤波电感(Buck)…………………………………………………………………………1068.1.2 Boost 和 Boost/Buck 电感 ……………………………………………………………………1078.1.3 反激变压器…………………………………………………………………………………1088.1.4 耦合滤波电感………………………………………………………………………………1098.2 损耗和温升……………………………………………………………………………………1118.3 磁芯……………………………………………………………………………………………1118.3.1 磁芯气隙……………………………………………………………………………………1118.3.2 散磁引起的损耗……………………… … … ………………………………………………1128.3.3 扩大电感磁通摆幅…………………… … … ………………………………………………1138.3.4 磁芯材料和形状………………………………………………………………………………1148.3.5 决定磁芯尺寸………………………………………………………………………………1148.4 电感计算………………………………………………………………………………………1158.4.1 气隙磁芯电感………………………………………………………………………………1168.4.2 磁粉芯和恒导磁芯电感……………………………………………………………………1168.4.3 利用电感系数 AL计算电感…………………………………………………………………1168.5 电感设计………………………………………………………………………………………1168.5.1 设计步骤……………………………………………………………………………………1168.5.2 举例－Buck 输出滤波电感…………………………………………………………………1188.5.3 反激变压器电感设计………………………………………………………………………120第九章 特殊磁性元件…………………………………………………………………………1299.1 电流互感器……………………………………………………………………………………1299.1.1 交流互感器…………………………………………………………………………………1299.1.2 脉冲直流互感器………………………………………………………………………………1329.2 磁调节器和尖峰抑制器设计…………………………………………………………………1359.2.1 矩形磁芯基本特性……………………………………………………………………………1359.2.2 磁放大器设计…………………………………………………………………………………1369.2.3 噪声抑制磁芯…………………………………………………………………………………138第十章 附录………………………………………………………………………………………14110.1 单位制和转换关系……………………………………………………………………………14110.2 导线数据………………………………………………………………………………………14210.2.1 漆包线规格、绝缘和耐压…………………………………………………………………14210.2.2 英制导线规格及公制转换…………………………………………………………………14310.2.3 电工铜带……………………………………………………………………………………14410.3 铁氧体………………………………………………………………………………………14510.3.1 国产铁氧体材料特性………………………………………………………………………14510.3.2 铁氧体尺寸规格……………………………………………………………………………14510.3.3 国内外铁氧体材料对照……………………………………………………………………15610.4 磁粉芯………………………………………………………………………………………15610.4.1 磁粉芯的主要性能和规格…………………………………………………………………15610.4.2 磁粉芯电感估算……………………………………………………………………………15610.4.3 国内外磁粉芯规格…………………………………………………………………………15710.5 矩形磁滞回线磁芯……………………………………………………………………………15810.5.1 非晶合金……………………………………………………………………………………15810.5.2 噪声抑制器件………………………………………………………………………………15910.5.3 矩形磁滞回线铁氧体磁芯…………………………………………………………………15910.6 绝缘 …………………………………………………………………………………………15910.6.1 线圈端部处理 －留边距离 Z、端空距离 d………………………………………………16010.6.2 内层绝缘(线圈骨架到磁芯)、绕组间绝缘 ………………………………………………16010.6.3 线圈的裹覆、端封和灌注方式的选择……………………………………………………16110.6.4 出头绝缘距离………………………………………………………………………………16110.6.5 工艺…………………………………………………………………………………………16110.7 磁性元件相关标准……………………………………………………………………………16210.7.1 国家标准……………………………………………………………………………………16210.7.2 部分国际标准………………………………………………………………………………164
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FAM和SSCA算法的matlab源程序-detection and identification of signal
FAM和SSCA算法的matlab源程序-detection and identification of signalFAM和SSCA算法的matlab源程序-detection and identification of signalDISCLAIMER NOTICEMTHIS DOCUMENT IS BESTQUALITY AVAILABLE. THECOPY FURNISHED TO DTICCONTAINED A SIGNIFICANTNUMBER OF PAGES WHICH DONOT REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.ilApproved for public release; distribution is unlimitedDETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLOSTATIONARY SIGNALSEvandro luiz da costaLieutenant Commander, brazilian NavyB.S., Instituto Militar de Engenharia, 1980Submitted in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the degree ofMASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGANDMASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING ACOUSTICSfrom theNAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOLMarch 1996Author.Evandrodk da costaapproved byRQ求Ralph Hippenstiel, Thesis Co-AdvisorRoberto Cristi, Thesis Ca-AdvisoiHerschel. Loomis, Jr, hairmanDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringArthony A. Atchley / ChairmanEngineering Acoustics Academic CommitteeABSTRACTPropeller noise can be modeled as an amplitude modulated(AM) signalCyclic Spectral Analysis has been used successfully to detect the presence ofanalog and digitally modulated signals in communication systems. It can also identithe type of modulation. Programs for Signal Processing based on compiledlanguages such as FORTRAN or C are not user friendly, and MATLAB basedprograms have become the de facto language and tools for signal processingengineers worldwideThis thesis describes the implementation in mAtlab of two fast methods ofcomputing the Spectral Correlation Density(SCD)Function estimate, the FFTAccumulation Method (FAM)and the Strip Spectral Correlation Algorithm( SSCA),toperform Cyclic Analysis. Both methods are based on the Fast Fourier transformFFT)algorithm. The results are presented and areas of possible enhancement forpropeller noise detection and identification are discussedTABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONA MOTIVATION,P,中“····*s···:···:B BACKGROUNDC THESIS GOALSIL NOISE IN THE OCEAN··+A TYPES OF UNDERWATER NOISE25561. Ambient Noise番申2. Self noise3. Radiated noise8B RADIATED NOISE FROM SHIPS, SUBMARINES AND TORPEDOES.......8C PROPELLER NOISE10lI CYCLOSTATIONARY PROCESSING15A CYCLOSTATIONARIT15B THE CYCLIC AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION (ACF)17C THE SPECTRAL CORRELATION DENSITY FUNCTION (SCD)18N. ESTIMATION OF THE SPECTRAL CORRELATION DENSITY FUNCTION23A FFT ACCUMULATION METHOD(FAM)25B STRIP SPECTRAL CORRELATION ALGORITHM(SSCA■D28V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSA. ANALOG-MODULATED SIGNALS311. Amplitude Modulated(AM)Signal===2-312. Pulse-Amplitude Modulated(PAM) Signal58B DIGITAL-MODULATED SIGNALS1. Amplitude Shift Keying(ASK) Signal中中非昏号即即号自唱即自曲音非带卡.最662. Binary-Phase Shift Keying(BPSK) Signal6了VI CONCLUSIONS81A SUMMARY81B SUGGESTIONS82APPENDIX A-CALCULATION OF THE SCD FUNCTION OF AN AMPLITUDE-MODULATED SIGNAL83APPENDIX B-FUNCTION AUTOFAM95APPENDIX C-FUNCTION AUTOSSCA99APPENDIXD-FUNCTION CROSSFAM103APPENDIX E-FUNCTION CROSSSSCA109APPENDIX F-PLOTTING ROUTINES113LIST OF REFERENCES115INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST看音117INTRODUCTIONA. MOTIVATIONPropeller related acoustic signatures typically exhibit modulationcharacteristics. These modulation characteristics originate from the cavitationprocess that takes place in the water due to the cyclic movement of the propellerThe cavitation process is basically the collapse of air and vapor bubblesdue to variations in the static pressure. These variations in static pressure are aconsequence of the passage of the propeller blades through the water. Thismovement, cyclic in nature, causes amplitude modulation in the static pressureand as a consequence an amplitude-modulated(AM) signal can be detected in areceiverCyclostationary processing techniques have been used to detect andlentify analog and digital communication signals very successfully. Thesetechniques have the advantage of using a more realistic model for the signalthan the stationary model used in most of the more conventional signalprocessing techniquesB BACKGROUNDThe basic elements of cyclic spectral analysis are the time-variant cyclicperiodogram and the time-variant cyclic correlogram. These two functions form aFourier transform pair. This fact is known as the cyclic Wiener relation or thecyclic Wiener-Khinchin relation [Ref. 1: p. 49.1
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