使用CC2591作为CC2530的功放
使用CC2591作为CC2530的功放, CC2591 PAThe absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions listed in the CC2530 datasheet [1]and the CC2591 datasheet [4] must be followed at all times. Stress exceeding one or more ofthese limiting values may cause permanent damage to any of the devicesNote that these characteristics are only valid when using the recommended register settingspresented in Section 4.6 and in Chapter 8, and the CC2530 - EM reference designOperating Frequency240524835MHzOperating Supply Voltage2036VOperating Temperature-40CTC=25C, VDD=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated. All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-Cc2591EM reference design [11] with a 50 Q2 loadReceive CurrentWait for sync, -90 dBm input levelWait for sync, -50 dBm input level24mATXPOWER OXE5166mATXPOWER OXD5149mATXPOWER OXC5138mATXPOWER OXB5127mATransmit currentTXPOWER OXA5115ATXPOWER = 0X95100mATXPOWER = 0X8594ATXPOWE=0×75mATXPOWE=0×6579APower Down Current PM2UAISTRUMENTSPage 3 of 19SWRA308ATC=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f= 2440 MHz if nothing else is stated. All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591 EM reference design with a 50 Q2 loadReceive Sensitivity HGM 1 %PER, IEEE 802. 15.4[6] requires -85 dBm-988dBmReceive Sensitivity LGM1 PER, IEEE 802. 15.4 [6] requires -85 dBm-90.4dBmSaturationlEEE 802.15. 4 [6] requires-20 dBm10dBmWanted signal 3 db above the sensitivity levelIEEE 802.15.4 modulated interferer at ieee 802.15.4 channelsInterferer Rejection+5 MHz from wanted signal, IEEE 802. 15. 4 [6] requires 0 dBdB+10 MHz from wanted signal, IEEE 802. 15. 4 [6] requires 30 dB49dB+20 MHz from wanted signal wanted signal at- 82d BmdBdue to in the external lna and the offset in cc2530 the rssi readouts from cc2530CC2591 is different from rssi offset values for a standalone cc2530 design the offsetvalues are shown in table 4.4High Gain Mode79LoW Gain mode67Real rssi Register value-Rssl offsetISTRUMENTSPage 4 of 19SWRA308ATc=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591 EM reference design with a 50 Q2 load Radiated measurements aredone with the kit antennaRadiated Emissionwith TXPOWer Oxe5Conducted 2. RF (FCC restricted band)-462|dBmConducted 3. RF(FCC restricted band46.5 dBmComplies withFCC 15.247. SeeChapter 7 for moredetails about regulatoryRadiated 2.RF(FCC restricted band)42.2dBmrequirements andcomplianceIEEE 802.15.4[6]requires max.35%%Measured as defined by IEEE 802.15. 4 6TXPOWER OxE5. f= EEE 802.15. 4 channels13TXPOWER= OXD5. f= EEE 802.15.4 channelsTXPOWER= OXC5 f= EEE 802.15.4 channelsMax error∨ ectorTXPOWER OxB5 f= IEEE 802.15. 4 channelsMagnitude(EVM)TXPOWER OxA5. f= IEEE 802.15.4 channelsTXPOWER 0X95. f= IEEE 802. 15.4 channels643333%%%%%%%TXPOWER= 0x85. f= iEEE 802. 15.4 channelsTXPOWER =0x75 f= IEEE 802. 15.4 channels%TXPOWER= 065. f= iEEE 802. 15.4 channelsThe RF output power of the CC2530- CC2591 EM is controlled by the 7-bit value in theCC2530 TXPOWER register. Table 4.6 shows the typical output power and currentconsumption for the recommended power settings The results are given for Tc= 25 C, Vdd3.0V and f= 2440 MHz, and are measured on the cC2530-CC2591 EM reference designwith a 50 Q2 load. For recommendations for the remaining CC2530 registers, see Chapter 8 oruse the settings given by SmartRF StudioOXE520166OxD519149OxC18138OxB517127OxA5161150x95141000x8513940X75860x651079Note that the recommended power settings given in Table 4.6 are a subset of all the possibleTXPOWER register settings. However, using other settings than those recommended mightINSTRUMENTSPage 5 of 19SWRA308Aresult in suboptimal performance in areas like current consumption, EVM, and spuriousemissionTc=25C, Vdd=3.0V, f=2440 MHz if nothing else is stated All parameters are measuredon the CC2530-CC2591EM reference design with a 50 32 load2221-2V201918171611121314151617181920212223242526251510OxE5OxC5OxA50X850x65540-30-20-1001020304050607080ISTRUMENTSPage 6 of 19SWRA308A98Avg 3.6VAva 3vAvg 2V110111213141516171819202122232425261023.6V-1062V-110-40-30-20-100102030405060708070604020-Wanted signal at:-82 dBm10ISTRUMENTSPage 7 of 19SWRA308ACC2530-CC2591EM High Gain ModeC C2530-CC2591EM Low Gain Mode- CC2530EM40000-100110100908070-60-50-40-30-20-100The IEEE standard 802.15. 4 [8] requires the transmitted spectral power to be less than thelimits specified in table 4.7If-fc>3.5 MHz-20 dB-30 dBmThe results below are given for Tc=25 C, Vdd=3.0V and f= 2440 MHz, and are measuredon the CC2530-CC259 1EM reference design with a 50 Q loadIEEE absoluteChannel 182432.52435243752442524452447.5ISTRUMENTSPage 8 of 19SWRA308AOnly a few external components are required for the CC2530-CC2591 reference design. Atypical application circuit is shown below in Figure 5.1. Note that the application circuit figuredoes not show how the board layout should be done. The board layout will greatly influencethe RF performance of the CC2530-CC2591EM. TI provides a compact CC2530CC2591 EM reference design that it is highly recommended to follow. The layout, stack-upand schematic for the CC2591 need to be copied exactly to obtain good performance. Notethat the reference design also includes bill of materials with manufacturers and part numbersL102 L10=TI INF inductorVDD13cc2530LA 1RF PANTCC2591 RF NFNPA EN(P1 1)i工工I NA FNP:1HGM ENPO 7)T:1Proper power supply decoupling must be used for optimum performance. In Figure 5.1, onlythe decoupling components for the CC2591 are shown. This is because, in addition todecoupling, the parallel capacitors C11, C101, and C131 together with, L101, L102, TL11TL101 and TL131 also work as RF loads. These therefore ensure the optimal performancefrom the CC2591. C161 decouples the AvDD blAs power.The placement and size of the decoupling components, the power supply filtering and thePCB transmission lines are very important to achieve the best performance Details about theimportance of copying the CC2530-CC2591EM reference design exactly and potentialconsequences of changes are explained in chapter 6The RF input/output of CC2530 is high impedance and differential. The CC2591 includes abalun and a matching network in addition to the PA, LNa and RF switches which makes theinterface to the CC2530 seamless. Only a few components between the CC2530 andCC2591 necessary for RF matching For situation with extreme mismatch(VSWR 6: 1 till 12: 1out-of-band as shown in Figure 6.2) it is recommended to include all the components asshown in Figure 5.1ISTRUMENTSPage 9 of 19SWRA308ANote that the PCB transmission lines that connect the two devices also are part of the RFmatching. It is therefore important to copy the distance between the devices, the transmissionlines and the stack-up of the PCB according to the reference design to ensure optimumperformanceThe network between the CC2591 and the antenna(L111, C112, C111 C113 and L112matches the CC2591 to a 50 2 load and provides filtering to pass regulatory demands. C111also works as a dc-blockR151 is a bias resistor the bias resistor is used to set an accurate bias current for internaluse in the cc2591The TI reference design contains two antenna options. As default, the Sma connector isconnected to the output of CC2591 through a 0 Q2 resistor. This resistor can be soldered offand rotated 90 clockwise in order to connect to the PCB antenna, which is a planar invertedF antenna(PIFA). Note that all testing and characterization has been done using the SMAconnector. The PCB antenna has only been functionally tested by establishing a link betweentwo EMs. Please refer to the antenna selection guide [6] and the Inverted F antenna designnote [7 for further details on the antenna solutionsISTRUMENTSPage 10 of 19SWRA308A
- 2020-11-30下载
- 积分：1
VINS论文推倒及代码解析
VINS 的功能模块可包括五个部分:数据预处理、初始化、后端非线性优化、闭环检测及闭环优化。代码中主要开启了四个线程,分别是:前端图像跟踪、后端非线性优化(其中初始化和 IMU 预积分在这个线程中)、闭环检测、闭环优化。、总体框架Measurement PreprocessingInitializationCamera(30hz)Feature Detectionnd rackerVisual-lnertialInitializedis- onlySfMAlignmentIMU (100hMU Pre-integrationLocal Visual-Inertial: OldestSliting WindowNewestNonli+、 Keyframe?OptimizationBundle Adjustment II Loop detectionwith RelocalizationStates from Loop ClosureFealure retrievel oop Deleted二二1---11------22===Global Pose Graph4-DoF Pose Graph OptimizationKeyframe DatabaseOptimization图1VINS框架ⅵINS的玏能模块可包括五个部分:数据预处理、初始化、后端非线性优化、闭环检测及闭环优化。代码中主要开启了四个线稈,分别是:前端图像跟踪、后端非线性伉化(其中初始化和IMU预积分在这个线程中)、闭环检测、闭环优化各个功能模块的作用上要有:1.I图像和MU预处理●图像:提取图像 Harris角点,利用金字塔光流跟踪相邻帧,通过 RANSAC去除异常点,最后将跟踪到的特征点push到图像队列中,并通知后端进行处理●IU:将IMU数据进行积分,得到当前时刻的位置、速度和旋转(PVQ),同时计算在后端优化中将用到的相邻帧的预积分增量,及预积分误差的 Jacobian矩阵和协方差项。1.2初始化首先,利用SFM进行纯视觉佔计滑窗內所有帧的位姿及3D点逆深度,最后与IMU预积分进行对齐求解初始化参数1.3后端滑窗优化将视觉约束、IMU约束和闭环约束放在·个大的目标函数中进行非线性优化,求解滑窗内所有帧的PVQ、bias等。L M States in the sliding windowIMU:k States from loop clos1Camera:冷 MU measurements>visual measurements★ Catur图2滑窗优化示意图14闭环检测和优化利用D)BoW进行闭环检测,当检测成功后进行重定位,最后对整个相机轨迹进行闭环优化。U预积分VisionIMUVision图3MU预积分示意图21当前时刻pVQ的连续形式将第k唢和第kl帧之间的所有IMU进行积分,可得第kHI帧的位置、速度和旋转(PVQ),作为视觉估计的初始值,这里的旋转采用的四元数。v△t+k+1∈[k,k+1]rW(at-ba ) -owletbk JtE[k, k+1]n(,-bdt∈[k,k+1]其中,a2和O为ⅠMU测量的加速度和角速度,是在Body自身坐标系, world坐标系是IMU所在的惯导系,上式的旋转公式推导可参考附录10.1。22当前时刻PVQ的中值法离散形式公式(1)给出的是连续吋刻的相机当前PVR的达代公式,为了跟代码致,下面给出基于中值法的公式,这与 Estimator:; processIMg(O函数中的Ps]、Rs]和Vs是一致的,IMU积分出来的第j时刻的物理量可以作为第j帧图像的初始值。tr t+a26t(2)ka,St其中q(a1-ba)-g"+q:+1(a+1-ba)(a;+o;+1)2.3两帧之间PVQ增量的连续形式通过观察公式(1)可知,IvU的预积分需要依赖与第k帧的ν和R,当我们在后端进行非线性优化时,需要迭代更新第κ唢的ν和R,这将导致我们需要根据每次迭代后值重新进行积分,这将非常耗吋。因此,我们考虑将优化变量从第k帧到第κ+1帧的IU预积分项中分离开来,通过对公式(1)左右两侧各乘Rb,可化简为:R(+p2k-=2△)+ak+1b其中DtElk, k+1t∈[k,k+1R k(at-bar)ldt)Wendtt∈[kk+1这样我们就得到了连续时刻的MU预积分公式,可以发现,上式得到的MU预积分的值只与不同时刻的a2和o相关。这里我们需要重新讨论下公式(5)预积分公式,以ab,为例,我们发现它是与MU的bias相关的,而bias也是我们需要优化的变量,这将导致的问题是,当每次迭代时,我们得到一个新的bias,又得根据公式(巧5)重新对第k帧和第k+1帧之间的IMU预积分,非常耗时。这里假设预积分的变化量与bias是线性关系,可以写成:ab,+/6n6ba+/16b+8 8ba +p(6)k+1sb24两帧之间PVQ增量的欧拉法离散形式面给出离散时刻的IMU预积分公式,首先按照论文中采用的欧拉法,给出第i个MU时刻与第i1个IMU时刻的变量关系为b+1k+的6t+元R(P)(1+R(P")(a2-bbn)δt25两帧之间PⅤQ增量的中值法离散形式卜面给出代码中采用的基」中值法的IMU预积分公式,这与 Estimator: processIMUO函数中的 Integration Base: push backo上是一致的。注意这里跟公式(2)是不一样的,这里积分出来的是前后两顿之间的IU增量信息,而公式(2)给出的当前帧时刻的物理量信息+1+B k St +=a, &tbb+1Bi + au1其中a,=slqilai-bai)+qiDi t aitl2.6连续形式下PVQ增量的误差、协方差及 JacobianIMU在每个吋刻积分出来的值是有误差的,下面我们对误差进行分析。首先我们直接给出在t时刻误差项的导数为:sa00016a000000-82(066hkR;0006|=00-(a-bh)0-1192k|+|000|mLL000016ba00101n000018b000F+ozk+ Gt其中:F25×15,G215×2,62x1,n12×,上式推导可参考附录102。下面我们讨论它的作用,将其可以简写为:6之k=F62z+Gtnt根据导数定义可知:62b=1m24-6262+8=62+628t=(+F6t)6z+(Gt6t)nt(11)这里我们对公式(1)的IMU误差运动方程再说明,将上式和EKF对比可知,上式恰好给出了如EKF一般对非线性系统线性化的过程,这里的意义是表示下一个时刻的IMU测量误差与上一个时刻的成线性关系,这样我们根据当前时刻的值,可以预测出下一个时刻的均值和协方差,而公式(1)给出的是均值预测,协方差预测公式如下Pb+6=(1+Ft)P(+Fl6t)7+(G,t)Q(G18t)ot(12)上式给出了协方差的选代公式,初始值Pk=0。其中,Q为表示噪声项的对角协方差矩阵000003000另外根据(11)式可获得诀差项的 Jacobian的迭代公式:(I+F26t)(14)其中 Jacobian的初始值为bk=12.7离散形式的PVQ增量误差分析我们首先直接给出PVQ增量误差在离散形式下的矩阵形式,为了与代码一致,我们修改下变量顺序,这和代码中 midPointIntegration(函数是一致的。(但不知为何计算的V中与前四个噪声项相关的差个负号?)1t fo660f106t‖loeBk+1=0f211f20016bδb0[6b102001rnot000kRkotk+1(15006t0n0000δt其中,推导可参考附录10.3:stE(ak-ba)02-4B+1(kk+121k+1b.)6t|6t2(Rr+ rk+18t2Stn=71=Rk+1(a+1-b)6tWr+ wf1=Ik+11+Gb。)δt-Rn+1(ak+121=-2配+1Stl st21(RK+Ruts)4rula1RrotstStR+1(a1R,+114/+11t28离散形式的PVQ增量误差的 Jacobian和协方差将公式(15)简写为:k+1F15×158215×1+V15×13Q则 Jacobian的迭代公式为k+15×15=F/k(16)其中, Jacobian的初始值为/k=l。这里计算出来的k+1只是为了给后面提供对bias的acoblar。协方差的迭代公式为P+15×15=FPFr+vQv(17)其中,初始值P=0。Q为表示噪声项的对角协方差矩阵:00000000aa000Q18×180a00(18)000000三、后端非线性优化31状态向量状态向量共包括滑动窗口内的n+l1个所有相机的状态(包括位置、朝向、速度、加速度计bias和陀螺仪bias)、 Camera到IMU的外参、m+1个3D点的逆深度X=[xr=pw,vb bpc,q3.2目标函数吗+(喻,2)+2(19)其中三个残差项即误差项分别为边缘化的先验信息、IMU测量残差、视觉的重投影残差。三种残差都是用马氏距离表示。根据《十四讲》中高斯牛顿法,若要计算目标函数的最小值,可以理解为,当优化变量有一个增量后,目标函数值最小,以IU残差为例,可写成如下所示:nin lre2bk, X+8Xrk x)+HSⅩDk+1oXk+1k+1其中HB,为B关于 XIK Jacobian,将上式展开并令关于6X的导数为0,可得增量δx的计算公式:H k 8X=k+1TB那么,公式(28)可写成+∑+∑Tk∑1rc上式中,B为MU预积分噪声项的协方差,P为vual观测的噪声协方差。当MU的噪声协方差P越大时,其信息矩阵Pk,将越小,意味着该MU观测越不可信,换句话说,因MU噪声较大,越不可信IMU预积分数据,而更加相信 visual观测。注意,这里的IMU和vsua协方差的绝对值没有意义,因为考虑得是两者的相对性可将上式继续简化为:(Ap+AB +Acox=bp +bB +bc其中,Ap,AB和Ac为 Hessian矩阵,上述方程称之为增量方程。33MU约束1)残差:两帧之间的PVQ和bias的变化量的差△tx+k+1bk qbk+1bR+1 xyz+g"△t)-Bk(20)sbbbb其中各增量关于bias的 Jacobian可从公式(16)的大 Jacobian中的相应位置获得。上面与代码中 Integration base: evaluateD对应,2)优化变量pb, 0W, Svb ,8ba:,bor Opb,, 80W ,Swb,, bakr, Sba3)Jacobian:计算 Jacobian时,残差对应求偏导对象分别为p6e,6vB,6h,ba],6b,6b
- 2020-12-07下载
- 积分：1
