ORACLE高可用性(RAC)技术应用解决方案基于成熟的生产环境
ORACLE高可用性(RAC)技术是如何应用于基于成熟的生产环境的一个解决方案美河学习在线基础知识介绍1.RAC是什么,全称,译为“实时应用集群”,是新版数据库中采用的一项新技术,是高可用性的一种,也是数据库支持网格计算环境的核心技术。2.RAC的优缺点优点:主要支持版本,可以支持有效的数据库应用系统,在低成木服务器上构建高可用性数据库系统,并且自由部署应用,无需修改代码。在环境下,集成提供了集群软件和存储管理软件,为用户降低了应用成本。当应用规模需要扩允时,用户可以按需扩展系统,以保证系统的性能。多节点负载均衡提供高可用:故障容错和无缝切换功能,将硬件和软件错误造成的影响最小化通过并行执行技术提高事务响应时间通常用于数据分析系统通过橫冋扩展提髙每秒交易数和连接数通常对于联机事务系统节约硬件成本,可以用多个廉价服务器代替昂贵的小型机或大型机,同时节约相应维护成本可扩展性好,可以方便添加删除节点,扩展硬件资源。缺点相对单机,管理更复杂,要求更高可能会增加软件成本如果使用高配置的服务器,般按照个数收费美河学习在线3. Oracle rac原理在一个应用环境当中,所有的服务器使用和管理同一个数据库,目的是为了分散每一台服务器的工作量,硬件上至少需要两台以上的服务器,而且还需要个共享存储设备。同时所有服务器上的都应该是同一类根据负载均衡的配置策略,当一个客户端发送请求到某一台服务的后,这台服务器根据我们的负载均衡策略,公把请求发送给本机的组件处理也可能公发送给另外一台服务器的组件处理,处理完请求后,会通过集群软件来访问共享存储设备逻辑结构上看:每一个参加集群的节点有一个独立的访问同一个数据库。每一个节点的都有自己的每一个节点的都有自己的每个节点的都有自己的每一个节点的都有白己的表空间。所有节点都共享一份和三类虚拟地址集群注册文件记录每个节点的相关信息仲裁机制用于仲裁多个节点向共享节点同时写的行为,这样做是为了避免发生冲突。美河学习在线存储技术介绍独立冗余磁盘阵列(是一种把多块独立的硬盘(物理硬盘)按不同的方式组合起来形成一个硬盘组(逻辑硬盘),从而提供比单个硬盘更高的存储性能与数据备份能力的技术。特色是玦硬盘冋时读取速度加快及提供容错性可以将分为不同级別,级別并不代表技术高低,选择哪一种产品纯视用户的操作环境及应用而定,与级别高低没有必然关系。:无差错控制的带区组RAID OBDFGHMNO etc要实现必须要有两个以上硬盘驱动器,数据并不是保存在一个硬盘上,而是分成数据块保存在不同驱动器上。因为将数据分布在不冋驱动器上,所以数据吞吐率大大提高,驱动器的负载也比较平衡。它的缺点是它没有数据差错控制,如果一个驱动器中的数据发生错误,即使其它盘上的数据正确也无济于事了。不应该将它用于对数据稳定性要求高的场合。在所有的级别中,的速度是最快的。但是没冇冗余功能的,如果…个磁盘(物理)损坏,则所有的数据都无法使用美河学习在线:镜象结构RAID 1B-BGG0DDHH对于使用这种结构的设备来说控制器必须能够同时对两个盘进行读操作和对两个镜象盘进行写操作。镜象结构是在一组盘岀现问题时,可以使用镜象磁盘,提高系统的容错能力。每读一次盘只能读岀一块数据,也就是说数据块传送速率与单独的盘的读取速率相同。当您的系统需要极高的可靠性时,如进行数据统计,那么使用比较合适。而且技术支持“热替换”,即不断电的情况下对故障磁盘进行更换,更换完毕只要从镜像盘上恢复数据即可。当主硬盘损坏时,镜像硬盘就可以代替主硬盘工作。镜像硬盘相当于一个备份盘,这种硬盘模式的安全性是非常高的,的数据安全性在所有的级别上来说是最好的。但是其磁盐的利用率却只有是所有级别中最低的。:分布式奇偶校验的独立磁盘结构RAID 5A Blocks B Blocks C Blocks D Blocks E BlocksA0 Co D0 parityParitGenerationA1B1(A2 B2arity D2 E2A3 3 parity C3 E34p(B4(40(E4将数据分散存放于多个硬盘上面,同时使用一定的编码技术产生奇偶校验码来提供错误检査及恢复能力,数据段的校验位交互存放于各个硬盘上。因为奇偶校验码在不同的磁盘上,所以提高∫可靠性,允许单个磁盘出错。任何一个硬盘损坏,都可以根据其它硬盘上的校验美河学习在线位来重建损坏的数据。硬盘的利用率为。优点是提供了冗余性(支持一块盘掉线后仍然正常运行),磁盘空间利用率较高(),读写速度较快(倍)。是级别中最常见的一个类型:高可靠性与高效磁盘结构RAID 10BBBDFHmIrroringstriping这种结构是一个带区结构加一个镜象结构,因为两种结构各有优缺点,因此可以相互补允,达到既高效又高速还可以互为镜像的目的。大家可以结合两种结构的优点和缺点来理解这种新结构。这种新结构的价格高,可扩充性不好。主要用于容量不大,但要求速度和差错控制的数据库中。RAID10是先镜射再分区数据。是将所有硬盘分为两组,然后将这两组各自视为RAID1运作。RAID10有着不错的读取速度,而且拥有比RAID0更高的数据保护性。美河学习在线系统结构设计1.RAC系统拓扑结构基本如下图所示:核心交换机SUNT44数据库raNT4/4数据库rac2面出HSUNSANRAC心跳RAC心跳EMC VNX 5300美河学习在线2.主机操作系统系统数据库服务器系统规划用户组规划说明0 racle清单和软件所有者Oracle自动存储管理组ASM数据库管理员组ASM操作员组数据库管理员用户规划说明默认口令用户数据管理员主机文件系统规划物理硬盘数文件系统AD方式「挂载点文件系统大小/homeufs70GB8水300GB(文件系统用300Gswapswap30GBuf200GB美河学习在线3.存储规划存储一般采用存储方式。硬盘总物理大RAID方逻辑大小(可用 Hotspare数式空间大小)15TB存储组件/BokASMIib NameSizeComments系统路径Device/dev/sda OCR VOL1100G OCR and Voting /dev/oraclOCR/dev/sdb OCR VOL2100GDiskseasm/ORCdev oracl数据文件|/dev/ sdb DATA VOLL3T ASM Data Diskgroup easm/DATAVOIASM/dev/orac l文件备份/dev/ sdaBACK VOL11.8T RecoveryBackup easm/BACKDiskgrou备注存储暂用4.数据库RAC环境数据库规划环境信息节点名称实例名称处理器内存操作系统数据库版本软件组件软件组件名称用户主组辅组用户目录基目录
- 2020-12-03下载
- 积分：1
汽车DTC定义
本文档主要定义了汽车故障码，以及汽车故障码的定义。可以帮助大家很快的了解汽车诊断故障码soDs15031-63ContentsForewardIntroduction,…,…,Scope..…n-n-n-……n1Normative references…,2345Terms and definitionsGeneral specifications.…,,,…,,,Format structure5.1 Description256675.2 ISO/SAE controlled codes(core DTCs5.3 Manufacturer controlled codes(non-uniform DTCs)....5.4 Body system groupings85.4.1 B0XXX ISO/SAE controlled542B1 XXX manufacturer contro∥ep∴885. 4.3 B2XXX manufacturer controlled8544B3 XXX reserved by document.…..,,,…,…,…………………85.5Chassis system groupings.85.5.1 COXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.52c1XXXmanufacturercontroled..85.5.3 C2XXX manufacturer controlled8Powertrain system groupings -DTC numbers and descriptions are given in AnnexB. BM,....5.5. 4 C3XXX reserved by document85.65.6.1 POXXX ISO/SAE controlled85.6.2 P1XXX manufacturer control85.63P2XXX|SOSAEcontoed…85.6.4 P3XXX manufacturer controlled and iso/sae reserved5.7Network groupings- dtc numbers and descriptions are given in Annex c5.7.1 UOXXX ISO/SAE controlled5.7.2 U1XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.3 U2XXX manufacturer controlled5.7.4 3XXX reserved88888896Diagnostic trouble code descriptions.……Change requests,.,,,,,,,,,…,…,10Annex a (normative)Diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines11A1 DiscussionAnnex B(normative) Powertrain system diagnostic trouble code...14B. 1 PooXX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls.14B2P01 XX Fuel and air metering-….…17B.3P02XX Fuel and air metering20B.4P03 XX Ignition system or misfire……………,……,.,…………………………………23B5P04 XX Auxiliary emission controls.……,…,………,……,,……………,………………27B6P05 XX Vehicle speed, idle control, and auxiliary inputs,,,,,,…,…,…,…,…30o Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B7 P06XX Computer and auxiliary outputs3B.8P07XX Transmission画画画画国面面国面面画画面B国画面画国36B 9P08 XX Transmission…………39B.10P09XXTransmissSion.42B11 P0AXX Hybrid Propulsion..l量amB12 POBXX Reservedn47B13 PoCXX Reserved by Document画B47B14 PODXX Reserved by Document………47B15 POEXX Reserved by documentB16P0 FXX Reserved by d。 cument…,,,,,…,,…47B 17 P10XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls....... ....47B 18 P11XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering....47B19P12 XX Manufacturer controlled fuel and air metering……….…....….…..….…….…….47B20P13 XX Manufacturer controlled ignition system or misfire…………47B21 P14XX Manufacturer controlled auxiliary emission controls.................47B22 P15XX Manufacturer controlled vehicle speed, idle control,B23 P16XX Manufacturer controlled computer and auxiliary outputs......47B24 P17XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B.25P18XXManufacturercontro|ledtransmission∴…47B26 P19XX Manufacturer controlled transmission47B27 P20XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls48B28 P21XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls..m..8…………51B 29 P22XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls54B 30 P23XX Ignition system or58B31 P24XX Auxiliary Emission Controls59B32 P25XX Auxiliary Inputs61B33P26 XX Computer& Auxiliary outputs.……63B, 34 P27XX Transmission66B,35 P28XX ISO/SAE reserved69B 36 P29XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B 37 P30XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls69B38 P31XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls........69B39P32 XX Fuel and air metering and auxiliary emission controls……………a69B40 P33XX ignition system or misfire69B41 P34XX Cylinder Deactivation...n69B, 42 P35XX ISO/SAE reservedB.43P36XS0SAEeserved.73B.44P37XXSOSAEreserVved173B, 45 P38XX ISO/SAE reserved∴73B, 46 P39XX ISO/SAE reserved73Annex C(normative)Network communication groupings74C,1 U00XX Network electricala74C2 U01XX Network Communication77C,3 U02XX Network Communication80C, 4 U03X Network Software81C 5 U04XX Network Data83o ISo 2002- All rights reservedsoDs15031-6.3ForewardISo(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(Isomember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISo technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with Iso, also take part in the work. Iso collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission(EC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardizationInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the iSo/EC Directives, Part 3Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votingPublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 of the member bodies casting a voteAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of iso 15031 may be the subject of patentrights. ISo shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsInternational Standard ISo 15031-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISo/C 22, Road vehiclesSubcommittee SC3, Electric and electronic eguipmentThis second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1.DIs) dated June 2000 of which has been technicallyrevisedISo 15031 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles-Communication between vehicleand external test equipment for emissions-related diagnosticsPart 1: Genera/ informationPart 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsPart 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits: specification and usePart 4: EXternal test equipment- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic servicesPart 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitionso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3IntroductionIso 15031 consists of a number of parts which taken together provides a coherent self consistent set ofspecifications to facilitate emissions-related diagnostics. Parts 2 through 7 are based on SAE recommendedracticesThis part is based on SAE J2012: MAR99(Recommended Practice for Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions)ISo 15031-1 General information, provides an introduction to the standardMost automobile manufacturers are equipping at least a portion of their product line with some on-board diagnostic(OBD) capability. These systems provide an indication as to the general location of the diagnosed malfunction. Thisinformation is provided through an alphanumeric codeo ISo 2002- All rights reservedDRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDlso/D|s150316.3Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and externaltest equipment for emissions-related diagnostics- Part 6Diagnostic trouble code definitions1 ScopeThis part of iso 15031 provides some recommended uniformity for alphanumeric trouble codes. It further providesguidance for uniform messages associated with these codesIt specifies several sections addressing format, structure, messages, and a few examples, and is applicable toelectricallelectronic systems diagnostics of motor vehiclesAnnex A specifies the diagnostic trouble code naming guidelines for signals from componentsAnnex B specifies the actual code assignments and description for Powertrain system diagnostic trouble codesAnnex C specifies the actual code assignments and description for network communicationAdditional annexes for body systems and chassis systems are under preparation2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of iso 15031. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of iso 15031 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of iso and IEC maintainregisters of currently valid International StandardsSo15031-2Road vehicles -Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronymsSO15031-5Road vehicles- Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissionsrelated diagnostics- Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic serviceso Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.33 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this part of Iso 15031, the following definitions apply. terms and definitions of iso 15031 -1 maybe used to hold definitions of terms used within more than one part of iso 15031. It is not intended to be used forterms and definitions of vehicle component terminology: these may appear in ISo 15031-23.1circuit/openfixed value or no response from the system where specific high or low detection is not feasible or can be used inconjunction with circuit low and high codes where all three circuit conditions can be detectedNOTEThe term"malfunction"has, in most cases, been deleted from the dtC description3.2range/performancecircuit is in the normal operating range, but not correct for current operating conditions, it may be used to indicatestuck or skewed values indicating poor performance of a circuit, component, or system3.3low inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is belowthe normal operating range3.4high inputcircuit voltage, frequency, or other characteristic measured at the control module input terminal or pin that is abovethe normal operating range3.5bankspecific group of cylinders sharing a common control sensor, bank 1 always contains cylinder number 1, bank 2 isthe opposite bankNOTE If there is only one bank, use bank #1 DTCs and the word bank may be omitted. With a single"bank"system usingmultiple sensors, use bank #13.6sensor locationlocation of a sensor in relation the engine air flow, starting from the fresh air intake through to the vehicle tailpipe orfuel flow from the fuel tank to the engine in order numbering 1, 2, 3 and so onNOTEsee figures 1-42o ISo 2002- All rights reservedso/Ds15031-63B1 S3B1 S1B1S2(wide range)(heated)CatalystCatalystTail PipeCyl.1 Cylinder Bank 1V6/8/V12 CylinderEngingCylinder Bank 2Exhaust Bank 2analystCatalystTail PipeB2 S12S2(Bank 2- Sensor 1) Bank 2-Sensor 2B2 S3(Bank 2-Sensor 3)Figure 1-V6/v8/12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 4 Catalysts example1s1(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Banκ1- Sensor2)CaiystExhaust bankB1 S3yC ylinder bank 1(heatedV6/V8/V12 CylinderCatalystTail PipeEngineC ylinder bank 2Exhaust Bank 2B2 S2(Bank 2- sensor 2)32S1heated(Bank2· sensor1)Figure 2-V6/8/V12 Cylinder Engine with 2 exhaust banks and 3 Catalysts exampleo Iso 2002- All rights reservedso/D|s15031-6.3B1 S3B1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1-Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2)(Bank 1-Sensor 3(heated(wide range)(heated)兰∞Sx山CatalystCatalystTail PipeFigure 3-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 2 Catalysts exampleB1 S1B1 S2(Bank 1- Sensor 1)(Bank 1-Sensor 2(wide range)(heated)=2CatalystTail Pipe834Figure 4-L4/L5/L6 Cylinder Engine with 1 exhaust bank and 1 Catalyst example3.7eft/right and front/rearcomponent identified by its position as if it can be viewed from the drivers seating position3.8ABwhere components are indicated by a letter (i.e., A,B, C, etc. this would be manufacturer defined, starting withcomponent A3.9intermittent/erraticthe signal is temporarily discontinuous, the duration of the fault is not sufficient to be considered an open or shortor the rate of change is excessiveo ISo 2002- All rights reserved
- 2020-12-06下载
- 积分：1
