匀速直线运动模糊图像复原的改进算法
一篇很好的关于模糊图像复原的论文，含详细需要的函数，讲解清楚易懂。闫永存,等匀速直线运动模糊图像复原的改进算法级的概率密度函数P(s)如下式所示:P(s)=P(rdr(6)8对于连续图像,当直方图均衡化(并归一化)后有P(s)即ds=p (r)dr =dT(r)3两边取积分得x=7(=P)h(8)式(8)就是所求的变换函数对于离散图像,假定数字图像中的总像索为N,灰度级总图3最优窗法区域分布图数为L,第k个灰度级的值为r,图像中具有灰度级r的像素Fig 3 Areal distribution of optimal window method数目为n,则该图像中灰度级n的像素出现的概率为取值范围为V-P+1,V1-11;在水平方向上,区域1、2、3的横P(r)="O≤r≤1;h=0,1,…(9)坐标取值范围1O,P1-2],区域4.8、9的横坐标取值范围为P3-1,V1-P3m,区域5、67的横坐标取值范围为[V1-Psn+对其进行均匀化处理的变换函数为:VL-11在图3中,每一个区域都有各白独立的边界,即各个S=7(r)=∑P(n)=2N子窗区域的尺寸不一定相同(10)最优窗计算公式为利用式(10)对图像做灰度变换,即可得到直方图均衡化后的图像。∑∑h(p,g)∑∑h(p.q)∑∑(p,q)D=O 0该方法可以将滤除高频噪声,提高有用信号的嗝度,增加∑h(p∑∑h(P)(12)对比度,同时缩小叠加噪声信号的动态范围,抑制振铃效应有效的结合起来,高文硕等证明了这一点。但不能完全去除振220)2A)铃效应,因此文中在滤波前用最优窗法对图像进行处理最优窗对模樹图像的边界进行加杈处理,以致像素值向3.4最优窗法外逐步过渡到零,其目的是待处理图像的边界结合处不会出在恢复图像过程中,由于图像边缘的像素没有足够的相现灰度的跳变,振铃效应因此得到抑制。邻像素可以利川,所以会导致恢复图像的边缘变差,并且整幅图像有明暗相间的条纹,即振铃效应。为了解决这个问题,早4实验结果及分析期学者常采用边界修正法,但效果不够令人满意。 Aghasi在1996年提出循环边界法,其缺点是图像尺寸变为原来的4文中通过实验验证了改进算法的可行性和有效性,以sadhna模糊图像的复原为例,图4(a)是原始图像,对其进行倍,运算量增加很多。基于循坼边界法的缺点, Bimetal提出了对二维模糊图像四进行恢复的最优窗。其具体实胞过程为:模糊加噪运算,模糊角度为53°,模糊长度为45,高斯噪声为0.0l图4(b)是降质后的模糊图像,采用本文算法估计岀的模恢复窗a,k将图像平面分成9个区域,每个区域编号如图3糊方向为51°,模糊长度为46,图4(c)是普通维纳滤波复原所示。标号为9的中央区域o:=1。图像,图4(d)是人工调整参数为真实值的复原结果。利用本区域1,8、7的纵坐标取值范围为[0,P-2],区城2,6、9文的改进算法得到的复原结果如图4()所示。实验结果如图的纵坐标取值范围为P-1,V4-P,区域3、4.5的纵坐标4所示。(a)原始图像(b)模糠图象(c)普通维纳波复原图象d)取冥际参数值的复原图像(e)太文算法的复原图(a)original image(t)blurred image (c)restored image of ordinary (d)res tored image fcr the (e)restored image ofiner filteringactua l )arameter valles algorithm in this pa per图4运动模糊图像及复原结杲Fig. 4 Motion blurred images and results of restoration147C1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElcctronicPublishingHousc.Allrightsrescrvcd.http://www.cnki.net电子设计工程》2012年第3期出实验结果可知,方向徵分法可以很人程度地提高模糊2005,10(5):590-595角度的估计准确性,利用自相关函效负尖峰值可以较准确地「31贺卫国,黎绍发,匀速直线运动模糊长度的精硝估计[鉴别出模糊长度,从而可以提高图像还原质量。最优窗法对振计算机应用,2005,25(6):1316-1320铃效应可以有较好的抑制作用,最后得到了复原效果较为理HIE Wei-guo, LI Shao-fa. Estimating the blurring length of想的图像。uniform linearmotion blurred images[J]. Computer Applications5结束语2005,25(6:1316-1320[4]吴振字.模糊图像复原方法研究[D]长沙:国防科学技术文中对运动模糊图像的退化模型、维纳滤波复原原理、点大学,2009扩散函数的求取过程选行了详细削述,提出了一种改进的模[5]高文硕.郊伟伟,杨磊运动模糊图像复原技术的改进算法糊图像复原算法,并对振铃效应进行处理,以 sadhna图像的中国传媒大学学报自然科学版,2010,7(1):72-76复原为例进行了实验验证结果表明,文中方法可以较准确地GAO Wen-shuo, ZHENG Wei-wei, YANG Lei. Improved估计出运动模糊参数,并且提高了运算速度,振铃效应得到有algorithm for restoration of the imagemotion blur IJ]. Journal效抑制。of Communication L niversity of China Science and Technology参考文献2010,17(1):72-76[1] Cannon M. Blind deconvolution of spatially invariant image [ 6] Aghdasi F, Ward R K. Reduction of boundary artifacts inblurs with phase [ J]. IEEE Trans on Acoustics, Speech andimage restoration[J]. IEEE Trans. Image. Proc. 1996. 5(4)signal Processing, 1976(24): 58-63611-6182]陈前荣,陆启生,成礼智,基于方向微分的迈动模糊方向鬥叶海.基于统计特征加权的模糊聚类方法及其应用鉴别!中国图象图形学报,2005,10(5):590-595现代电子技术,2009(1299-102chen Qiall-rong, LU Qi-sheng, CHENG Li-zhi. IdentificalionYE Hai-jun. Fuzzy clustering method and its applicationof motion blur direction from motion blurred image bybased on statistical characteristics weighting [J]. Moderndirection derivation method [J Journal of Image and GraphicsElectronics Technique, 2009(12): 99-102具ⅢP2优化和DC偏移消除的宽带丨/Q解调器可改善接收器性能加利福尼亚州米尔皮塔斯( MILPITAS,CA)推出超宽带宽直接转換lQ解调器LIC∶5S35,该件具卓越的线性性能(在1.95GIlκ时,ⅢP3-25.7dBm,IP2-60dBm)。LTC585能提供超过530MILz的基带输岀解调带宽,可满足新-代霓带LTE多模式接收器和毅宇预失真(DPD)接收器的带宽需。Q解调器在700WHx至3GHz的宽频率范围内二作,几乎覆盖了所有蜂窝基站频毁。这款器伫的独狩之处是两个内置的校准功能。其一是允许系统设计人员优化接收器IP2性能的高级也路以60dBm标称值提升至前所未有的80dBm或更高。另一个则是用于消除I和Q输出端上的DC偏移电压的片内电路。这两个功能电路均起到了増强接收嚣性能的作用。此外,LTC5585还可提供超卓的16 dBm pldB。为了进一步加强该器件在直接转换接收器应用中的使用,LTC5585捉供非常低的IQ幅度和相位失配ε幅度失配的典型值是0.05dB,而相位误差的典型值是0.7度,两个数值都是在1.95GHz频率上测得的。这两者的结合产生了一个43dB的接收器镜頰抑制能力。因为LTC5585能湜供非常宽的带宽,所以尢其适用于多模式LTE、 W-CDMA和TD- SCDMA基站DPD接收器以及于主收器的应門。尤其是对;DPD,这些最新一代基站正在将解调带宽推进到超过300MHz。LTC5585可以非常方便地配置应对这些带宽的挑战。除了无线基础设施应用,LrC5585还适用于军用接收器、宽蒂通信、点对点微波数据链路、镜频抑制接收器和长距离RFID阅读器。LTC5585内置了一个RF变压器以减少外部组件,再加上24引线4mm×4 mm QFN封装,因而可提供高度紧凑的解决方案。该器件规格在_40-105℃C的外壳工作温度范围。LTC585用单—5Ⅴ电源供电,吸取200mA的总电源电流。该器件提供数竽输λ以启用或停用该芯片。当俘用时,该IC吸取的典型溻电流为11μA。解调器的200ms快谜接通时间和800rs断开时间使该器件能在突发模弌接收器中使用。咨询编号:2012031009心·心;心·心,心·心普心心心·心·心心·心分·心心···心·心心心心·心·心心·心欢迎订阅2012年度《电子设计工程》(半月刊)国内邮发代号:52-142国际发行代号:M2996订价:15.00元/期360.00元/年148C1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalElcctronicPublishingHousc.Allrightsrescrvcd.http://www.cnki.net
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abaqus script reference manual
ABAQUS脚本参考文件，适合二次开发，ABAQUS各个模块的语句参考ABAQUS Offices and RepresentativesABAQUS, IncABAQUS Europe BVRising Sun millsGaetano Martinolaan 95166 Valley streetP.O. BOx 1637Providence RI 02909-24996201 BP MaastrichtTel:+14012764400The netherlandsFax:+14012764408Tel:+31433566906E-mail:support(@abaqus.comFax:+31433566908http://www.abaqus.comE-mail:info.europe@abaqus.comSales, Support, and ServicesUNITED STATESABAQUS Central, IncABAQUS East LLC1440 Innovation place300 Centerville road. Suite 209WWest Lafayette, IN 47906-1000Warwick. RI 02886-0201Iel:+17654971373Tel:+14017393637Fax:+17654974444Fax:+14017393302E-mail:support(@abaqusCentral.comE-mail: support@ abaqus EastcomAbAqUS Erie. incABAQUS Great Lakes, Inc3601 Green Road. Suite 31614500 Sheldon road. Suite 160Beachwood. OH 44122Plymouth, MI 48170-2408Tel:+12163781070Tel:+17344510217ax:+1216378107F7344510458E-mail:support(@abaqusErie.comE-mail:support(@abaqusGreatlakes.comABAQUS South, IncABAQUS West, Inc3700 Forums Drive Suite 10139221 Paseo Padre Parkway Suite FFlower Mound. TX 75028remont, CA 94538-1611Tel:+12145131600Tel:+15107945891Fax:+12145131700Fax:+15107941194F-mail:support(@abaqusSouth.comF-mail:supportabaqusWest.comARGENTINAAUSTRALIAKB Engineering S.R. LWorley Advanced analysisFlorida 274-Oficina 35Level 17. 300 Flinders Street1005 Buenos airesMelbourne Vic 3000ArgentinaTel:+61386125132Iel:+541143269176/7542Fax:+61392050573Fax:+541143262424E-mail:abaqus@worley.com.auE-mail: sanchezsarmientoarnet com arAUSTRIABENELUXABAQUS AuStria GmbHABAQUS Benelux EⅤZinckgasse 20-22/2/13Huizermaatweg 576A-1150 Vienna1276 LN HuizenaustriaThe NetherlandTel:+4319291625-0Tcl:+31355258424Fax:+4319291625-20Fax:+31355244257E-mail: support @abaqus.atE-mail: support(abaqus. nlCHINACZECH REPUBLICABAQUS ChinaSynerma s.r.oRoom a-2703 Eagle plazaHuntirov 58No. 26 Xiao yun rd468 22 SkuhrovBeijing, 100016Czech republicP.R. ChinaTel:+420603145769Tel:+860184580366Fax:+420603181944Fax:+860184580360E-mail: abaqus asynerma czE-mail:abaqus(@abaqus.com.cnFRANCEGERMANY(Aachen)ABAQUS France SasABAQUS Deutschland gmbH7 rue jean MMermozBat. aTheaterstrabe 30-3278000 VersaillesD-52062 AachenIel:+330139241540lel:+49241474010Fax:+330139241545Fax:+492414090963E-mail: support (@abaqus. frEmail: info(abaqus.deGERMANY(Munich)INDIA(Chennai)ABAOUS Deutschland gmbhABAQUS Engineering India(Pvt. LtdSendlinger-Tor -platz 83M. Prince arcadeD-80336 Munchen22-A Cathedral roadTel:+498959991768Chennai. 600086Fax:+498959991767Tel:+914428114624E-mail: info(abaqus.deFax:+914428115087E-mail: abaqus(@abaqus.coinITALYJAPAN(Tokyo)ABAQUS Italia s r IABAQUs. IncVia domodossola. 173rd Floor, Akasaka Nihon Building20145 Milano(MD)5-24, Akasaka 9-chome, Minato-kuTel:+390239211211Tokyo,107-0052Fax:+390231800064Tcl:+81354745817E-mail: info(@abaqus.itFax:+81354745818E-mail: tokyo(abaqus. jpJAPAN (Osaka)KOREAABAQUS, IncABAQUS Korea. Inc9th Floor, Higobashi Watanabe BuildingSuite 306, Sambo Building6-10. Edobori 1-chome Nishi-ku13-2 Yoido-Dong, Youngdeungpo-kuOsaka.550-0002Seoul.150-010Tel:+81648035020Tel:+8227856707Fax:+81648035021Fax:+8227856709E-mail: osaka @abaqus. jpE-mail: info(@abaqus. co kIMALAYSIANEW ZEALANDWorley advanced AnalysisMatrix Applied Computing Ltd19th Floor, Empire TowerP.O. Box 56-316. AucklandCity square centreCourier: Unit 2-5, 72 Dominion road Mt eden182 Jalan Tun razakauckland50400 Kuala LumpurTel:+6496231223Tel:+6032161226Fax:+6496231134Fax:+60321614266E-mail: abaqus-tech(amatrix co nzE-mail:abaqusmy@worley.com.auPOLANDRUSSIA, BELARUS UKRAINEBudSoft sp. z0.0TESIS Ltd61-807 PoznanOffice701-703,Sw Marcin 58/64l8. Unnatoy strIe:+486l8508466127083 Moscow. RussiaFax:+486l8508467Tel:+7095212-44-22E-mail:budsoft@budsoft.com.plFax:+7095212-42-62E-mail:infoatesis.com.ruSINGAPORESOUTH AFRICAWorley Advanced AnalysisFinite Element analysis Services (Ply)Ltd491B River valley roadUnit 4, The Waverley#09-01Ⅴ alley pointWyecroft roadSingapore, 248373Mowbray 7700Tel:+6567358444Tel:+27214487608Fax:+6567357444Fax:+27214487679E-mail:abaqus.sg@worley.com.auE-mail: feas(afeas co zaSPAINSWEDENPrincipia Ingenieros Consultores, SAABAQUS Scandinaviavelazquez, 94FEM-Tech ABE-28006 MadridPilgatan &cIel:+34912091482SE-72130 VasterasFax:+34915751026Tcl:+4621126410E-mail: abaqus(principia. esFax:+4621181244E-mail: abaqus abaqus.seTAIWANTHAILANDAPICWorley Advanced Analysis11F, No. 71, Sung Chiang road333 Lao Peng Nguan l BuildingTaipei. 1042820th Floor Unit bIel:+8860225083066Soi ChaypuangFax:+8860225077185Vibhavadi-Rangsit roadE-mail:apicaapic.com.twLadyao, JatujakBangkok 10900Tel:+6626893000Fax:+6626188109E-mail:abaqusth(@worley.com.auTURKEYUNITED KINGDOM(Cheshire)A-Ztech ltdABAQUS UK LtdPerdemsac Plaza, Teknoloji eviThe Genesis CentreBayar Cad, Gulbahar Sok., No: 17Science park south BirchwoodKozyataWarrington Cheshire WA3 7BH34742 IstanbulTel:+441925810166TURKIYEFax:+441925810178Tel:+902163618850E-mail: hotline abaqus. co ukFax:+90216361885E-mail:info(aa-ztech.com.tiSales OnlUNITED STATESABAOUS EaSt llc. mid-Atlantic officeABAOUS SOUth. Inc. Southeast office1 1 4 Zachary Court484 Broadstone wayForest hilL. MD 21050Acworth.GA30101lel:+14104208587lel:+17707950960Fax:+14104208908Fax:+17707957614E-mail:support(@abaquseast.comE-mail:support(@AbaqusSouth.comABAQUS West, Inc, Southern CA and Az Office ABAQUS West, Inc, Rocky Mountains Office1100 Irvine boulevard #2486910 Cordwood CtTustin Ca 92780Boulder co 80301Iel:+17147315895Tel:+13036645444Fax:+17142427002Fax:+1303200948lE-mail:inFo(aabaqusWest.comE-mail:Into(aabaqusWest.comFINLANDINDIA (Pune)ABAQUS Finland OyABAQUS Engineering Analysis Solutions(Pvt. LtdTekniikantie 12C-9. 3rd FloorFIN-02150 EspooBramha Estate, Kondwa roadTel:+358925172973Pune-411040Fax:+358925172200Tel:+912030913739F-mail: abaqus(@abaqus.seF-mail: abaqus( abaqus. co inUNITED KINGDOM(Kent)ABAOUS UK LtdGreat hollander business centre. Unit aMill Lane. UnderriverSevenoaks, Kent tN15 OSQTel:+441732834930Fax:+441732834720E-mail: hotline(abaqus. co ukPrefaceThis section lists various resources that are available for help with using ABAQUS, including technicalengineering and systems support, training seminars, and documentationSupportABAQUS, Inc, offers both technical engineering support and systems support for ABAQUS. Technicalengineering and systems support are provided through the nearest local support office. You can contactour offices by telephone, fax, electronic mail, the ABAQUs web-based support system, or regular mailInformation on how to contact each office is listed in the front of each ABAQUS manual. The ABAQUSOnline Support System(AOSS) is accessible through the MY ABAQUS section of the ABAQUS HomePage(www.abaqus.com).Whencontactingyourlocalsupportofficespleasespecifywhetheryouwouldlike technical engineering support (you have encountered problems performing an ABAQUS analysis orcreating a model in ABAQUS) or systems support (ABAQUS will not install correctly, licensing does notwork correctly, or other hardware-related issues have arisenThe ABAQUS Online Support System has a knowledge database of ABAQUS Answers. The ABAQUSAns wers are solutions to questions that we have had to answer or guidelines on how to use ABAQUS. Wewelcome any suggestions for improvements to the support program or documentation. We will ensure thatany enhancement requests you make are considered for future releases. If you wish to file a complaint aboutthe service or products provided by aBaqUs, refer to the aBaQus Home PageTechnical engineering supportABAQUS technical support engineers can assist in clarifying ABAQUS features and checking errors by givingboth general information on using ABAQUS and information on its application to specific analyses. If youhave concerns about an analysis, we suggest that you contact us at an early stage, since it is usually easier tosolve problems at the beginning of a project rather than trying to correct an analysis at the end.Please have the following information ready before calling the technical engineering support hotline, andinclude it in any written contacts:Your site identifier, which can be obtained by typing abaqus whereami at your system prompt(or byselecting Help-On Version from the main menu bar in ABAQUS/CAE or ABAQUS/Viewer)· The version of△ BAQUS that are you usingThe version numbers for ABaQUS/Standard and ABAQUS/Explicit are given at the top of the data(. dat)fileThe version numbers for ABAQUS/CAE and ABAQUS/Viewer can be found by selectingHelp-On Version from the main menu bar.The version numbers for the abaqus Interface for MoldFLOW and the abaQus Interface forMSC ADAMS are output to the screenThe version number for ABAQUS for CAtIa V5 can be found by selecting Help-AboutABAQUS for CaTiA V5 from the main menu bar in either of the aBaqus for CAtIA V5workbenchesThe type of computer on which you are running ABAQUSThe symptoms of any problems, including the exact error messages, if anyWorkarounds or tests that you have already triedWhen calling for support about a specific problem, any available abaqus output files may be helpful inanswering questions that the support engineer may ask youThe support engineer will try to diagnose your problem from the model description and a description ofthe difficulties you are having. The support engineer may need model sketches, which can be sent via fae-mail, or regular mail. Plots of the final results or the results near the point that the analysis terminated mayalso be needed to understand what may have caused the problemIf the support engineer cannot diagnose your problem from this information, you may be asked tosupply the input data. The data can be attached to a support incident in the aBaQUS Online SupportSystem. It may also be sent by means of e-mail, tape, disk, or ftp Please check the ABAQUS Home Page(http://www.abaquscom)forthemediaformatsthatarecurrentlyacceptedAll support incidents are tracked in the abaQUs Online Support System. This enables you( as well asthe support engineer) to monitor the progress of a particular problem and to check that we are resolving supportissues efficiently. To use the ABAQUS Online Support System, you need to register with the system. Visit theMY ABAQUS Section of the ABAQUS Home Page for instructions on how to register. If you are contactingus by means outside the aoss to discuss an existing support problem and you know the incident number,please mention it so that we can consult the database to see what the latest action has been and, thus, giveyou more efficient support as well as avoid duplication of effort. In addition, please give the receptionist thesupport engineers name if contacting us via telephone or include it at the top of any e-mail correspondenceSystems supportABAQUS SyStems support engineers can help you resolve issues related to the installation and running ofABAQUS, including licensing difficulties, that are not covered by technical engineering supportYou should install ABaQUS by carefully following the instructions in the ABAQUS Installation andLicensing Guide If you are able to complete the installation, please make sure that the product verificationprocedure was run successfully at the end of the installation procedure. Successful verification for licensedproducts would indicate that you can run these products on your computer; unsuccessful verification forlicensed products indicates problems with the installation or licensing (or both ) If you encounter problemswith the installation, licensing, or verification, first review the instructions in the abaQus Installation andLicensing Guide to ensure that they have been followed correctly. If this does not resolve the problems,consult the ABAQUS Answers database in the ABaQUS Online Support System for information about knowninstallation problems. If this does not address your situation, please create an incident in the AOSS anddescribe your problem, including the output from abaqus info=support. If you call, mail, e-mail, or faxus about a problem(instead of using the Aoss), please provide the output from abaqus info=support. Itis important that you provide as much information as possible about your problem: error messages from anaborted analysis, output from the abaqus info=support command, etc
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