mini2440之U-boot移植详细手册-20110908.pdf
mini2440之U-boot移植详细手册-20110908.pdf上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com第6章 U-BOOT在MN440上的移植.…556.1建立开发板文件,测试编泽环境55611修改顶层 Makefile561.2在/b0ad中建smd2440日录和文件5661.3 include/ngs/中建立发板配量之件,.:·61.4测试编译环境566,2第一阶段:探索启动代码6.2.1关闭为A79200写的ED必转576.2.2修改CPU额率初始化设置586.2.3修改0weve/nit.S文件,…59624修改代码重定向部分606.2.5增加ED的点亮架作…6963第二阶段:修改初始化代码7063修改加am/b0ard,C文件…706.3.2修改bord/ embedclub/smdk2440/5mdk2440.c文件64第三阶段:完善目标板夕设驱动…76641 Nand flash相关代码的修改..7664.2添加s(2)像烧写功能…7964.3修改 Nor flash写入功能的代644修改网络相关代码9364.5添加口 Xmodem传物协议(可不修改)93646添加CD显小功能96647添加D卡MMC)读取功能10165第四阶段:修正配置文件11865.1添加 CONFIG S3C2440条件定义11865.2修改量之 include/ configs/smdk2440a,h66重新编译并测试第7章UBO0T下添加自定义的命令13471MAN_LooP()与 ABORTBOOT(两数分析1347.11 main loop()的数分析:1357.1.2 abortboot/两数分析tinnddnd4灬13572U-BoOT卜添加主菜单界面命令MENU137第8章 U-BOOT下通过DNW实现 USB SLAVE下载功能4.81添加 USB SLAVE下载功能.…14382使用 WINDOWS下DNW测试 USB SLAVE下载功能14983在LNx下安装DNW实现 USB SLAVE下载功能151831 Linux下DNW源码下我1518.32编详DNW驱动和程序15183.3挂教 secbulk ko内孩模块.1518.34使iux下DNW完成下我…151第9章UBoD0T下载的源代码链接…上海嵌入式宗回-歇板商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com第章的概念与功能嵌入式 Linux软件结构与分布一般情况下嵌入式系统中的软件主要分为以下几部分:引导加载程序:其中包括内部中的固化启动代码和两部分。内部固化是厂家在芯片生产时候固化的,作用基本上是引导有的芯片比较复杂,比如在屮没有代码的时候有许多启动方式或以太网等等。而则很简单,只有和和文件系统。包括根文件系统和建立于内存设备之上的文件系统(等等)。它是提供管理系统的各种配置文件以及系统执行川户应用程序的良好运行环境及载体。应用程序。用户自定义的应用程序,存放于文件系统之中。在存储器中,他们的分布一般如:根文件系统其他文件系统参数区被挂载到根文件系统或者作为但是以上只是大部分情况下的分布,也有一些可能根文件系统是,被一起压缩到了内核映像甲,或老没有参数区,等等在嵌入式 Linux中 Bootloader的必要性内核的启动除了内核怏像必须在主存的适当位置,还必须具备一定的条件:R0=01.CPU寄存器的设置:R1= Machine id(即 Machine type number,定义在inux/arch/ arm/tools/ mach typesR2=内核启动参数在RM中起始基地址;2.CPU模式:必须禁止中断(IRQs和FIQs);CPU必须SVC模式M必须关闭3. Cache和MMU的设置:指令 Cache可以打开也可以关闭:数据 Cache必须关闭;上海嵌入式家园一开牧椒商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com但是在刚上电启动的时候,一般连内存掉制器都没有初始化过,根本无法在主存中运行程序,更不可能处在内核启动环境中。为了初始化及其他外设,使得内核可以在系统主存中运行,并让系统符合内核启动的必备条件,必须要一个先于内核运行的程序,他就是所谓的引导加载程序(而并不是才需要,而是几乎所有运行操作系统的设备都需要。我们的的就是的一部分(只是前期引导,后面一般还有外中的各种),对于来说,的功能和选择综上:所述是在操作系统内核启动之前运行的一段小程序。通过这段程序我们可以初始化硬件设备,从而将系统的软硬件环境带到一个合适的状态,以便为最终调用操作系统内核准备好止确的环境,最后从别处(、以太网、)载入内核映像到主存并跳到入口地址。由于需要直接操作硬件,所以它严重依赖于硬件,而且依据所引导的操作系统的不同,也有不同的选择。对于嵌入式世界中更是如此。就而言,如果是引导般选用韩国的公司设计的或者软件工程中心的,如果是引导,就选用。如果是开发构架下的,就可选用由和发布的。如果是要引导系统,可以选用同是公司开发的所以在嵌入式世界中建立一个通用的几乎是不可能的,而可能的是让一个代码支持多种不同的构架和操作系统,并让她有很好的可移植性。就是攴持多平台多操作系统的一个杰出代表。这也是的优势所在,因为如果在开发时熟悉了,再转到别的平台的时候,就可以很快地完成这个平台下的移植。而且的代码结构越来越合理,对于新功能的添加也十分容易次推荐阅读:嵌入式系统技术内幕上海嵌入式宗回-歇板商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com第章简介U-boot的起源是的简称,其含义是,是遵循条款的开放源码项目。最早德国软件工程中心的基于和的源码创建了工程项目,此后不断添加处理器的支持。而后,移植到平台上,创建了工程项日。最终,以工程和工程为基础,创建了工程年月日第一个版木发布,同时和停止维护而今作为一个主流、通用的,成功地被移植到包括等主流休系结构上的百种开发板,成为功能最多、灵活性最强,并且开发最积极的廾涼日前仍然由维护U-boot的开发情况和资源最早的版本号是由来表示的,从直发展到。之后便开始使用年份加月份的表示方法,从到现在的平均每个多月出一个新版本。每次代码的结构和定义都会有一些修和改进,其代码越来越规整,功能越来越强,但是移植的难度反而越来越小,需要修改的地方越来越少不仅有主线版本,在的代码仓库中还有各个构架的分支版本些分支会在一定的时候将修改汇入主线。下面总结一下关丁源代码的网络资源官方链接德国软件工程屮心主页官方主页注意其中的邮件列表链接官方源码下载官方代码仓库针对的修改于机的源码上海嵌入式宗回-歇板商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com的源码(针对源码(针对上海嵌入式宗回-歇板商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com第章开发环境搭建交叉编译工具链的安装编译公A的时候,必须使用交叉编译工具链。你可以使用友善之臂提供的交叉编译工具(版本),也可以使用或自己编译一个。至于如何用工具自己编译交叉编译工具链,请看的博客的相关文章:用建立—交叉编译环境建立交叉编译环境(以()为例)在编译好交叉编译工具链后,要在环境变量的中添加编译工具的路径(也就是所在的路径),这样在编译时系统才找得到编译器的命令。在下的修改方法如下:在最后加上:交叉编译工具的路径网路服务的设置在使用的时候常常会用到宿主机的和这两种网络服务,所以最好在开发前设置好。下面以下使用安装为例,简单介绍一下安装配置过程:安装配置服务安装酣置服务的大致步骤如下:()安装和程序()修改配置文件()根据配置文件的跻径,建立日录,并修改日录权限;()重启服务()本地传输测试。以下是一个安装和配置主要步骤的脚本,大家参考:你想要的目录路径上海嵌入式宗回-歇板商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com你想要的日录路径建立目录,并修改目录权限:重启安装配置服务安装配置服务的大致步骤如下:()安装内核服务;()重新配置服务,修改和配置文件,重启服务()修改服务的配置文件添加服务∏录和配置,重新导入配置()重启服务,并检查可挂载的日录()在本地挂载测试以下是一个安装和配置主要步骤的脚本,大家参考:上海嵌入式宗回-歇板商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/上海嵌入式家园-开发板商城贺工www.embedclub.com对选特别要注意上面的的形式,以前是形如,现在是掩码为数的形式。用旧的格式可能会出问题具体的说明建议看册:串口终端程序的安装配置在使用的时候,必然会用到串口与开发板进行通信,所以串口终端程序必不可少。下面简单介绍下常用的牛凵终端:和的安装配置(以下使川安装为例)。的安装配置(推荐安装)在下是通过串口传输文件到开发板,就属比较好用上海嵌入式宗回-歇板商城嵌入式家园阙扯:ww.embedclub.com淘宝城网址http://embedclub,taobaocom/
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ISO16750-3-2012
ISO16750-3-2012Road vehicles — Environmentalconditions and testing for electricaland electronic equipment —Part 3:Mechanical loadsContents PageForeword.............................................................................................................................................Iso16750-3:2012[EContentsPageForewordScope12Normative references1Terms and definitions4Tests and requirements4.1ibration4.2 Mechanical shock274.3 Free fall…294.4 Surface strength/ scratch and abrasion resistance294.5 Gravel bombardmentCode letters for mechanical loads29Documentation…,…………111111130Annex A (informative) Guideline for the development of test profiles for vibration tests.32Annex B (informative) Recommended mechanical requirements for equipment depending on themounting location44Bibliography46C ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012EForewordISo (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standardsbodies (Iso member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried outthrough iso technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technicalcommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internationaorganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the workIso collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters ofelectrotechnical standardizationInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISo/IEC Directives, Part 2The main task of technical committees is to prepare lnternational standards. draft InternationalStandards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votingublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 of the member bodiescasting a voteAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsIso 16750-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicle, Subcommittee SC 3,Electrical and electronical equipment.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (Iso 16750-3: 2007), which has beentechnically revisedISo 16750 consists of the following parts, under the general title road vehicles-Environmental conditionsand testing for electrical and electronic equipment:Part 1: GeneralPart 2: electrical loadsPart 3: Mechanical loadsPart 4: Climatic loadsPart 5: chemical loadso ISO 2012-All rights reservedINTERNATIONAL STANDARDIso16750-3:2012(E)Road vehicles- Environmental conditions and testing forelectrical and electronic equipmentPart 3Mechanical loads1 ScopeThis part of IS0 16750 applies to electric and electronic systems/components for road vehicles. Itdescribes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended forthe specific mounting location on/in the vehicleThis part of iso 16750 describes mechanical loads2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments applies.Iso16750-1, Road vehicles- Environmental conditions and testing forelectrical andelectronicequipment-Part 1: GeneralIEC 60068-2, 6, Environmental testing- Part 2-6: Testing, Test Fc: Vibration SinusoidalIEC60068-2, 14, Basicenvironmental testing procedures- Part 2-14: Tests-Test Nb: Change oftemperatureTEC 60068-2, 64, Environmental testing Part 2-64: Test methods -Test Fh -Vibration, broad-bandrandom(digital control)and guidanceIEC 60068-2, 80, Environmental testing- Part 2-80: Tests- Test Fi: Vibration - Mixed mode testingIEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing procedures- Part 2: Tests; Test Ec: Free fall, Clause 5.23 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in Iso 16750-1 app4 Tests and requirements4.1 Vibration41.1 GeneralThe vibration test metho ds specified consider various levels of vibration severities applicable to on-board electrical and electronic equipment. It is recommended that the vehicle manufacturer andsupplier choose the test method, the environmental temperature and vibration parameters dependingon the specific mounting locationFollowing the expressions in MIL-STD please noticeC ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012EWhen applied properly, the environmental management and engineering processes described in this partof Iso 16750 can be of enormous value in generating confidence in the environmental worthiness andoverall durability. However, it is important to recognize that there are limitations inherent in laboratorytesting that make itimperative to use proper caution and engineering judgement when extrapolating theselaboratory results to results that may be obtained under actual service conditions. In many cases, realworld environmental stresses (singularly orin combination cannot be duplicated practically or reliably intestlaboratories. Therefore, users of this part of Iso 16750 should not assume that a system or componentthat passes laboratory tests of this part of Iso 16750 would also pass field/ fleet verification trialsThe specified values are the best estimation one can get up to the moment when results frommeasurements in the car are received - but they do not replace a car measurement!The specified values apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. Using a bracket formounting can resultin higher or lower loads. If the device under test ( DUT)is used in the vehicle with abracket then all vibration and mechanical shock test shall be done with this bracketCarry out the vibration with the dut suitably mounted on a vibration table. The mounting method (sused shall be noted in the test report. Carry out the frequency variation by logarithmic sweeping of 0,5octave/minute for sinusoidal tests and the sinusoidal part of sine on random tests. The scope of therecommended vibration tests is to avoid malfunctions and breakage mainly due to fatigue in the fieldTesting for wear has special requirements and is not covered in this part of ISo 16750Loads outside of the designated test frequency ranges are to be considered separatelNOTE Deviations from the load on the DUT can result, should vibration testing be carried out according tothis part of Iso 16750 on a heavy and bulky dut, as mounting rigidity and dynamic reaction on the vibrator tableexcitation are different compared to the situation in the vehicle. This deviation can be minimized by applying theaverage control method(see Annex A)Application of the weighted average control method according to IEC 60068-2, 64 is to be agreed uponSubject the dut during the vibration test to the temperature cycle according to iEC 60068-2, 14, withelectric operation according to diagram 1. Alternatively, a test at constant temperature may be agreed onOperate the dutelectrically as indicatedin Figure l at Tmin(Short functional testafterthe dUT completelyreached Tmin). This functional test shall be as short as possible- only long enough to check the properperformance of the dUt. This minimizes self-heating of the dUT. Additional electrical operation of theDUT between 210 min and 410 min of the cycle (see Figure 1)Additional drying of test chamber air is not permittedIn the vehicle, vibration stress can occur together with extremely low or high temperatures; for thisreason, this interaction between mechanical and temperature stress is simulated in the test, too. afailure mechanism is, for example, a plastic part of a system/component, which mellows due to the hightemperature and cannot withstand the acceleration under this condition2o ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012[EYmax20aburditt0100200300400500600yY temperature[°C]x time [ minIa Operating mode 3.2 according to ISo 16750-1.b Operating mode 2. 1 according to ISo 16750-1One cycleFigure 1-Temperature profile for the vibration testTable 1- Temperature versus time for the vibration testTimeTemperaturemin°C0206040150-4021020300max41048020See Is016750-44.1.2 Tests4.1.2.1 Test I- Passenger car, engine4.1.2.1.1 PurposeThis test checks the dUt for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibrationThe vibrations of a piston engine can be split up into two kinds: Sinusoidal vibration which results from theunbalanced mass forces in the cylinders and random noise due to all other vibration-schemes of an engine,C ISO 2012-All rights reserved3Iso16750-3:2012Ee.g. closing of valves. In the lowest frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-roadconditions is taken into account. The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigueNOTE 1 Road profile usually has negligible impact on engine-mounted components. Shock inputs are effectivelysolated by suspension, and engine-mounting systemsThe test profiles specified in the following clauses apply to loads generated by(four strokereciprocating enginesNotE 2 If the dut is to be tested for a specific resonance effect, then a resonance dwell test according to 8.3.2of IEC 60068-2, 6: 2007 can also be applied4.12.1.2Test4.1.2.1.2.1 GeneralIt is required to perform this test as a mixed mode vibration test according to IEC 60068-2, 80NOTE The test duration is based on A 4. The temperature in the chamher is above room temperature (rt)atthe end of the test (2 3/4 temperature cycles4.1.2.1.2.2 Sinusoidal vibrationPerform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 6, but using a sweep rate of s 0,5 octave/minute. Use a testduration of 22 h for each plane of the dUTUse curve l in Table 2/ Figure 2 for DUT intended for mounting on engines with 5 cylinders or fewerUse curve 2 in Table 2/Figure 2 for dUT test intended for mounting on engines with 6 cylinders or moreBoth curves may be combined to cover all engine types in one test2502001501005050100150200250300350400450500ⅩKeyamplitude of acceleration [m/s2IXfrequency [Hzcurve1(≤5 cylinders)curve 2(5 cylindersFigure 2- Vibration severity curves4o ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012[ETable 2- values for max acceleration versus frequencyCurve 1(see Figure 2FrequencyAmplitude of accelerationHz100100200200240200270100440100Curve 2(see Figure 2)FrequencyAmplitude of accelerationHm/s2100100150150440150CombinationFrequencyAmplitude of accelerationH1001001501502002002402002551504401504,1.21.2.3 Random vibrationPerform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 64. Use a test duration of 22 h for each plane of the DUTThe r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 181 m/s2The psd versus frequency are referred to in Figure 3 and Table 3NoTE The Power Spectral Density(PSD)values (random vibration] are reduced in the frequency range of thesinusoidal vibration testC ISO 2012-All rights reserved5Iso16750-3:2012EY100100,110100100010000KeyY PSD [(m/s2)2/HzX frequency [Hz]Figure 3- PSD of acceleration versus frequencyTable 3- Values for frequency and PsDFrequencyPSDH:(m/s2)2/Hz1010100103000,5150020200024.1.2.1.3 RequirementBreakage shall not occur.Functional status a see iso 16750-1) is required during operating mode 3.2 as defined in ISo 16750-1and functional status C during periods with other operating modes4.1.2.2 Test II-Passenger car, gearbox4.1.2.2.1 PurposeThis test checks the dut for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibrationThe vibrations of a gearbox can be split up into two kinds which result partly from sinusoidal vibrationfrom unbalanced mass forces of the engine(e. g dominating orders) in the frequency range from 100 Hzto 440 Hz and vibration from the friction of the gear wheels and other schemes, which are tested in therandom part. In the lowest frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-road conditionsis taken into account The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigueChanging the gears can create additional mechanical shock and shall be considered separatey brationsThe test profiles specified in the following subclauses apply to loads generated by gearbox vibo ISO 2012-All rights reserved
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