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JapanColor2001Coated.icc
颜色配置文件，用于进行色彩管理，多运用于印刷领域，是重要的颜色配置文件。
- 2020-12-03下载
- 积分：1
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MATLAB神经网络43个案例分析.pdf+源代码
《MATLAB神经网络43个案例分析》是在《MATLAB神经网络30个案例分析》的基础上修改、补充而成的，秉承着“理论讲解—案例分析—应用扩展”这一特色，帮助读者更加直观、生动地学习神经网络。
- 2020-11-27下载
- 积分：1
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ISO16750-3-2012
ISO16750-3-2012Road vehicles — Environmentalconditions and testing for electricaland electronic equipment —Part 3:Mechanical loadsContents PageForeword.............................................................................................................................................Iso16750-3:2012[EContentsPageForewordScope12Normative references1Terms and definitions4Tests and requirements4.1ibration4.2 Mechanical shock274.3 Free fall…294.4 Surface strength/ scratch and abrasion resistance294.5 Gravel bombardmentCode letters for mechanical loads29Documentation…,…………111111130Annex A (informative) Guideline for the development of test profiles for vibration tests.32Annex B (informative) Recommended mechanical requirements for equipment depending on themounting location44Bibliography46C ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012EForewordISo (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standardsbodies (Iso member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried outthrough iso technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technicalcommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internationaorganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the workIso collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters ofelectrotechnical standardizationInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISo/IEC Directives, Part 2The main task of technical committees is to prepare lnternational standards. draft InternationalStandards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votingublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 of the member bodiescasting a voteAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rightsIso 16750-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicle, Subcommittee SC 3,Electrical and electronical equipment.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (Iso 16750-3: 2007), which has beentechnically revisedISo 16750 consists of the following parts, under the general title road vehicles-Environmental conditionsand testing for electrical and electronic equipment:Part 1: GeneralPart 2: electrical loadsPart 3: Mechanical loadsPart 4: Climatic loadsPart 5: chemical loadso ISO 2012-All rights reservedINTERNATIONAL STANDARDIso16750-3:2012(E)Road vehicles- Environmental conditions and testing forelectrical and electronic equipmentPart 3Mechanical loads1 ScopeThis part of IS0 16750 applies to electric and electronic systems/components for road vehicles. Itdescribes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended forthe specific mounting location on/in the vehicleThis part of iso 16750 describes mechanical loads2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments applies.Iso16750-1, Road vehicles- Environmental conditions and testing forelectrical andelectronicequipment-Part 1: GeneralIEC 60068-2, 6, Environmental testing- Part 2-6: Testing, Test Fc: Vibration SinusoidalIEC60068-2, 14, Basicenvironmental testing procedures- Part 2-14: Tests-Test Nb: Change oftemperatureTEC 60068-2, 64, Environmental testing Part 2-64: Test methods -Test Fh -Vibration, broad-bandrandom(digital control)and guidanceIEC 60068-2, 80, Environmental testing- Part 2-80: Tests- Test Fi: Vibration - Mixed mode testingIEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing procedures- Part 2: Tests; Test Ec: Free fall, Clause 5.23 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in Iso 16750-1 app4 Tests and requirements4.1 Vibration41.1 GeneralThe vibration test metho ds specified consider various levels of vibration severities applicable to on-board electrical and electronic equipment. It is recommended that the vehicle manufacturer andsupplier choose the test method, the environmental temperature and vibration parameters dependingon the specific mounting locationFollowing the expressions in MIL-STD please noticeC ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012EWhen applied properly, the environmental management and engineering processes described in this partof Iso 16750 can be of enormous value in generating confidence in the environmental worthiness andoverall durability. However, it is important to recognize that there are limitations inherent in laboratorytesting that make itimperative to use proper caution and engineering judgement when extrapolating theselaboratory results to results that may be obtained under actual service conditions. In many cases, realworld environmental stresses (singularly orin combination cannot be duplicated practically or reliably intestlaboratories. Therefore, users of this part of Iso 16750 should not assume that a system or componentthat passes laboratory tests of this part of Iso 16750 would also pass field/ fleet verification trialsThe specified values are the best estimation one can get up to the moment when results frommeasurements in the car are received - but they do not replace a car measurement!The specified values apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. Using a bracket formounting can resultin higher or lower loads. If the device under test ( DUT)is used in the vehicle with abracket then all vibration and mechanical shock test shall be done with this bracketCarry out the vibration with the dut suitably mounted on a vibration table. The mounting method (sused shall be noted in the test report. Carry out the frequency variation by logarithmic sweeping of 0,5octave/minute for sinusoidal tests and the sinusoidal part of sine on random tests. The scope of therecommended vibration tests is to avoid malfunctions and breakage mainly due to fatigue in the fieldTesting for wear has special requirements and is not covered in this part of ISo 16750Loads outside of the designated test frequency ranges are to be considered separatelNOTE Deviations from the load on the DUT can result, should vibration testing be carried out according tothis part of Iso 16750 on a heavy and bulky dut, as mounting rigidity and dynamic reaction on the vibrator tableexcitation are different compared to the situation in the vehicle. This deviation can be minimized by applying theaverage control method(see Annex A)Application of the weighted average control method according to IEC 60068-2, 64 is to be agreed uponSubject the dut during the vibration test to the temperature cycle according to iEC 60068-2, 14, withelectric operation according to diagram 1. Alternatively, a test at constant temperature may be agreed onOperate the dutelectrically as indicatedin Figure l at Tmin(Short functional testafterthe dUT completelyreached Tmin). This functional test shall be as short as possible- only long enough to check the properperformance of the dUt. This minimizes self-heating of the dUT. Additional electrical operation of theDUT between 210 min and 410 min of the cycle (see Figure 1)Additional drying of test chamber air is not permittedIn the vehicle, vibration stress can occur together with extremely low or high temperatures; for thisreason, this interaction between mechanical and temperature stress is simulated in the test, too. afailure mechanism is, for example, a plastic part of a system/component, which mellows due to the hightemperature and cannot withstand the acceleration under this condition2o ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012[EYmax20aburditt0100200300400500600yY temperature[°C]x time [ minIa Operating mode 3.2 according to ISo 16750-1.b Operating mode 2. 1 according to ISo 16750-1One cycleFigure 1-Temperature profile for the vibration testTable 1- Temperature versus time for the vibration testTimeTemperaturemin°C0206040150-4021020300max41048020See Is016750-44.1.2 Tests4.1.2.1 Test I- Passenger car, engine4.1.2.1.1 PurposeThis test checks the dUt for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibrationThe vibrations of a piston engine can be split up into two kinds: Sinusoidal vibration which results from theunbalanced mass forces in the cylinders and random noise due to all other vibration-schemes of an engine,C ISO 2012-All rights reserved3Iso16750-3:2012Ee.g. closing of valves. In the lowest frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-roadconditions is taken into account. The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigueNOTE 1 Road profile usually has negligible impact on engine-mounted components. Shock inputs are effectivelysolated by suspension, and engine-mounting systemsThe test profiles specified in the following clauses apply to loads generated by(four strokereciprocating enginesNotE 2 If the dut is to be tested for a specific resonance effect, then a resonance dwell test according to 8.3.2of IEC 60068-2, 6: 2007 can also be applied4.12.1.2Test4.1.2.1.2.1 GeneralIt is required to perform this test as a mixed mode vibration test according to IEC 60068-2, 80NOTE The test duration is based on A 4. The temperature in the chamher is above room temperature (rt)atthe end of the test (2 3/4 temperature cycles4.1.2.1.2.2 Sinusoidal vibrationPerform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 6, but using a sweep rate of s 0,5 octave/minute. Use a testduration of 22 h for each plane of the dUTUse curve l in Table 2/ Figure 2 for DUT intended for mounting on engines with 5 cylinders or fewerUse curve 2 in Table 2/Figure 2 for dUT test intended for mounting on engines with 6 cylinders or moreBoth curves may be combined to cover all engine types in one test2502001501005050100150200250300350400450500ⅩKeyamplitude of acceleration [m/s2IXfrequency [Hzcurve1(≤5 cylinders)curve 2(5 cylindersFigure 2- Vibration severity curves4o ISO 2012-All rights reservedIso16750-3:2012[ETable 2- values for max acceleration versus frequencyCurve 1(see Figure 2FrequencyAmplitude of accelerationHz100100200200240200270100440100Curve 2(see Figure 2)FrequencyAmplitude of accelerationHm/s2100100150150440150CombinationFrequencyAmplitude of accelerationH1001001501502002002402002551504401504,1.21.2.3 Random vibrationPerform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 64. Use a test duration of 22 h for each plane of the DUTThe r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 181 m/s2The psd versus frequency are referred to in Figure 3 and Table 3NoTE The Power Spectral Density(PSD)values (random vibration] are reduced in the frequency range of thesinusoidal vibration testC ISO 2012-All rights reserved5Iso16750-3:2012EY100100,110100100010000KeyY PSD [(m/s2)2/HzX frequency [Hz]Figure 3- PSD of acceleration versus frequencyTable 3- Values for frequency and PsDFrequencyPSDH:(m/s2)2/Hz1010100103000,5150020200024.1.2.1.3 RequirementBreakage shall not occur.Functional status a see iso 16750-1) is required during operating mode 3.2 as defined in ISo 16750-1and functional status C during periods with other operating modes4.1.2.2 Test II-Passenger car, gearbox4.1.2.2.1 PurposeThis test checks the dut for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibrationThe vibrations of a gearbox can be split up into two kinds which result partly from sinusoidal vibrationfrom unbalanced mass forces of the engine(e. g dominating orders) in the frequency range from 100 Hzto 440 Hz and vibration from the friction of the gear wheels and other schemes, which are tested in therandom part. In the lowest frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-road conditionsis taken into account The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigueChanging the gears can create additional mechanical shock and shall be considered separatey brationsThe test profiles specified in the following subclauses apply to loads generated by gearbox vibo ISO 2012-All rights reserved
- 2020-12-08下载
- 积分：1
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时域有限差分法 (高本庆)
时域有限差分学习书籍，有研究FDTD方法的可以学习学习国防科技图书出版基金第二届评审委员会组成人员名誉主任委员怀国模主任委员黄宁副主任娄员殷鹤龄高景德陈芳允曾铎员尤子平朱森无朵英贤按姓氏笔划为序)刘仁何庆芝何因伟何新贵宋家树张汝果范学虹胡万忱柯有安侯迁候正明莫梧生崔尔东秘书长刘琯德时域有限差分法(Fnte- Differerce Time-Domain Method简称FDTD Method)是求解电磁问题的种数值技术,它是在1966年由K.S.Yee第一次提出的。fDTD法直接将有限差分式代替麦克斯韦时域场旋度方程中的微分式,得到关子场分量的有限差分式,用具有相同电参量的空间网格去模拟被研究体,选取合适的场初始值和计算室间的边界条件,可以得到包括时间变量的麦克斯韦方程的四维数值解。通过傅里叶变换可求得三维空间的频域解20多年来FDTD法历经了一个蓬勃发展的过程。最初是用它来求解金属体上的散射问题,用的是笛卡尔坐标系,使空间单元网格呈直角六面体。鉴于当时的计算机容量水平,特别是FDTD技术本身尚有若重要问题未很好解决,使得早期的数值精度不够高,应用范围也不很广,这种局面大约延续到70年代末期。随着FDTD技术的发展,首先需要解决的是有限计算空间的无反射截断问题,早期采用的一种方法是加大边界与散射体间距离,以在边界上构成外向行波,这种方法精度不高、计算空问亦大。直到将波方程的二阶近似用以处理边界上的场值,得到了较好近似的吸收边界条件,才将这个间题的解决向前推进了一大步在直角坐标系中用FDTD技术进行模拟时,光滑曲线形媒质表面将呈锯齿形状这可能产生沿面的表面波,加大了数值色散误差,解决这个问题的有效方法是“共形”技术的提出,这包括:或是使用曲线坐标系使媒质表面与坐标曲线共形,或是在直角坐标系中改变媒质介面上的网格形状,使二者共形,利用共形网格明显提高了计算精度。在类电磁问题中,当媒质结构尺寸比网格尺寸小时(如细线、窄槽或薄介质层等),将使FDTD模拟变得很困难。近来相继出现以麦克斯韦方程的国路积分形式建立相应FDTD算法式,FDTD与其他方法(如积分方程法或矩量法)的混合技术,以及媒质参数竹网格平均技术等,均提供了解决这类特殊问题的途径。FDTD法的特点是很易得到被研究体的近场,但不易一次直接得到远场值。80年代初期提出的利用等效原理将频城近场变换为远场是解决这个问题的好方法,近几年又将此技术发展到时域这二种路径给求解散射间题和天线问题提供了强有力的工具。值得提出的是,早期fTD方法中没有计及媒质的色散特性,即假定被研究媒质的电参数是与频率无关的。实际上自然界中有很多媒质的电参数具有很强的色散特性,近几年已开始注意研究色散媒质中的FDTD算法,为解决这电磁领域内难题铺平了道路。上述几方面问题的进展有力推动了FDTD技术的发展和应用,使它在解决复杂形体结构和多种媒质并存的一类呵题中占有重要的一席之地。今天,它不仅在电磁散射、电磁兼容预测、生物电磁学中得到卓有成效的应用,而且在天线做波技术、光电子学等的应用中意益受到重视。本书内容包括三部分:第一部分论述了FDTD法基本知识和各种FDTD算法,包括各种坐标系和特殊结构媒质的算法,以及FDTD与其他方法相结合的混合法等;第二部分介绍了FDTD法在电磁学各领域中的应用情况,内容涉及电磁散射微波传输线、天线、电磁榘容预測及生物电磁学范畴;第三部分讨论近期发展的色散媒质的FDTD算祛原理及其应用情况。本书在给出各种应用实例时,多将FDID法数据与理论值或实验数据或其他数值解数据(如矩量法等)进行比较。除早期发表的少数例子误差稍大外,大多数均与相比较的数据吻合很好。从目前水平看,在分析…般散射问题中,数值误差约在L%~3%附近(RCS的误差略大些),而在求谐振器本征值问题中,FDTD数值解与理论值误差低于百分之,某些情况能小于千分之一,这个精度是很喜人的。可以无夸张地说,FDTD法与其他数值解从精度上讲是可以媲美的,有的则有胜过。加之FDTD法得到的是时域解,通过傅氏变换可得到频域解。即它具有次时域计算代替频域上逐点计算的潜力。这些均L表示FDTD法具有较明显的优势。本书是作者尝试将已发表在不同场合不同时间的有关资料经整理推演、加工编写成专著。内容取材上亦包括作者及同事们近几年在这方面开展的工作结果。编写本书的目的是希望能起到抛砖引玉的效果。希给初学者提供…个入门途径,给从事这方面工作的同行们提供较系统的参考资料,以便更好地促进FDTD技术的发展和更进一步拓宽它的应用。由于作者才疏学浅,加上时间关系,错误和不足在所难免,上述目的恣难如愿敬请各位专家学者和读者多提供宝贵意见。在本书确立大纲的过程中,得到北京理工大学张德齐教授和楼仁海教授、西安交通大学汪文秉教授的帮助,汪文秉教授对内容安排提出了贵意见。要特别提到的是,在本书编写过程中得到中国科学技术大学旅美陈金元博士的大力支持和帮助陈博士及时寄来最新研究资料(见§7.6以充实本书内容。书稿完稿后,张德齐教授通阅了全稿,并提出宝贵意见国防工业出版社在本书出版过程中给予很多帮助,作者在此对他们表示衷心的感谢作者t993年8月于北京内容简介本书重点介绍」时域有限差分(FDTD)法的基本知识及其在电磁学各个领域内的应用。全书包括二部分(共八章),第一部分论述了FDTD法的基本知识(第…章)和各种FDTD算法,包括各种坐标和特殊结构媒质中FDTD算法及混合算法等(第二章);第二部分介绍FDTD法的爷种应用,内容涉及电磁散射(第三章〉微波传输线和谐振腔(第四章)、天线(第五章)、电磁兼容预测第六章)生物电磁学(第七章)等领域;第三部分介绍近期发展的色散媒质屮FDTD算法原及其应用情祝等(第八章〕。木书可供从事时域计算电磁学理论和应用妍究的人员参考,亦可供有关专业教师、研究生及商年级大学生作选修和参考用书目·录第一章时域有根差分法基本知识1.1支克斯韦方程1)].2FTD基本方程■h吾早4中■暑h音h鲁↓ψ中4山■■骨日◆p4白(生)1.3解的稳定性“……““〔l1)1.4边界条件…(13)1.5激励派的类型和设置……………………………(22)816误差分析………*………(29)§1.7近场一远场变换山中■冒↓d4白■■■e40)氵1.8FDTD数值解步骤…………(45〕参考文献■··■跏■·幽自嚞ψ■■·自·■甲血幽b中■●鲁歌●■甲晉『甲●■目■■46第二章FDTD算法变异48)82.1一般曲线坐标系的FDTD算法4甲●鲁ψψ■“ψ晕P山血曾■■■省口_P■口(48)§2.2正交曲线坐标系的PDTD算法(58}2.3非均匀网格尺寸的FDTD算法…(69)2.4细薄结构媒质的FTD算法……………*………(80)2.5FDTD瞬态积分方程的混合算法:(95§2.6FDTD矩量法时混合算法…………………*………(101)参考文献…………………………………………(105)第三章在电磁散射问题中的应用聊司自■电■■悬■■··ψb■■t最聊10883.1二维散射体■■画■·■唱口■■』烟·■口甲■唱■■即■■■口·吾■昌■■■■即■■■晶』h画p■■■昌〔108§3.2三维敢射体……………(114)3.3RCS计算……〔121)§3.4散射体的时域综合……………………**……(134)参考文献(143)第阿章在徽波传输线和谐振腔中的应用…………………(141徵带和共面传输线咖自b·山山山啬■■山■■ψ·;跏·■■“■士鲁■b■口■■■动●咖【41§4.2徼带不均匀性和徼带元件●日日鲁■日聊聊昏目申聊■与;自语↓ψ■ψ口一·↓c自ψb53)氵4.3波导传贛线元件……………………………………(63)8.4谐振腔的本征值……4…(j72)4.5谐振腔的e值(I名1参考文献…………………………………………(185第五章在天线问题中的应用·……(!8?)§5.1圆柱形单极天线………4■·↓■自·h■■■■■■■■甲4■■■▲187)5.2波导口和喇明线………………………………………(196)§5.3徽带贻片天线200)§5.4天线互朝的计算…ra……(210)参考文献1■幽昏p■■◆(215第六章在电磁兼容预测中的应用…(218§6·]瞬变电驚环境下飞机表面效应………“(216)§6.2EMP对连接有尾气焰导弹体的效应…(22)s63EM场透入导弹导引头的预浏■■■非十(230)6.4飞行体上微带贴片天线的EMP效应……a(233)6.5TEM传导胞腔中不均匀性影响的预测…-4…*4(239参考文献昏■■·聊■●■■■·ψ■山幽■如卓■■ψ卩■■中斷鲁晋■■口自■■导画晋■b山1〔241第七章在生物电磁学中的应用……246§7.1生物组织的电磁特性及人体电磁模型……………"……(246)72平面波照射下人体内的电磁效应号昌◆+卓b4即u(z56)7.3工业加热器对人体的作用…………………………(263)7.4动力电的人体效应…sa…(2687.5高压EMP的生物效.…·…(273)N7.6虾篾电话的人体效应…■■■■■↓鲁号↓個山山……(280)参考文………………………………………(2865第八章色教媒质的FDTD算法日■■d十■T■一一會■■『■■■血288)N8.1离散时域卷积建立FDTD方程……〔288N8.2由德拜方程和频域场到吋域的直接变换建立FDTD方程"sr…:…(295)氵8.3由z变换建立FDTD方程日ψ号■自卓自甲ψ吾■■■日■■■道语晶画『4b即44■(298)4色散媒质的吸收边界条件…………………"………(303)8.5(FD)TD法应用举例……(3058.6表面阻抗概念在fDTD法中的应用……(314)s8.了表面阻抗FDT法应用举例………■·■■b■324)参考文献(召30
- 2021-05-06下载
- 积分：1
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可以在单片机上计算的BP神经网络C语言工程（修改bug版）
在计算机上训练，将训练后的参数给单片机，单片机来仿真，之前已经在stm32f4上成功仿真过
- 2020-11-01下载
- 积分：1
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Best HTTP2 (2.2.0).unitypackage
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