差分进化简介及实现
算子课上我讲的PPT，主题是查分演化计算，用到了变异算子，交叉算子和选择算子。复盘分析差分进化与遗传算法相似，这一点，对遗传算法稍微了解的人都会有这样的疑问。该PPT未对二者的区别和联系进行分析。我对二者都有一定的了解，并做过二者的简单实现，理应在这方面做出思考。遗憾的是，演讲结束后，老师问到这个问题，我没有做出较好的回答。介绍完算法的原理后，举了一个非凸函数寻优的例子，并且展示了函数的3D图像和最优函数值演变曲线，这一点很好。介绍图像时，首先要介绍坐标轴的含义和单位，这一点没有照顾好。很明显的一个缺陷是： 缺少该算法在工业上的应用实例。让人感觉该算法只存在于纸面上，却无实际应用价优化问题和近似最优解差分演化算法CONTENTS引言ρ优化问题是一种以数学为基础,用于求解各种工程问题基本原理的应用技术。应用实例优缺点ρ绝大多数的工程问题的求解都可以转换为优化问题,算法改进但是部分问题属于NP问题,很难找到解析解,比如:0研完点1背包、组合优化问题、任务指派等。某些情况下,退而求其次,找到近似最优解即可。针对优化问题的近似解求解,目前已成为了当前一个热点研究方向,催生出一系列的智能算法。智能算法的研究差分演化算法CONTENTS◎1975年: J Holland根据生物进化过程提出了遗传算引言法基本原理ρ1982年: Kirkpatrick模拟冶金学的退火过程提出了模拟应用实例退火算法。优缺点算法改进◎1991年: dorigo.M根据蚂蚁觅食的群体行为提出了蚁研完点群算法。◎1995年: Kennedy根据鸟类觅食的群体行为提出了粒子群算法。ρ1997年: Rainer storr和 Kenneth price.在遗传算法等进化思想的基础上,提出了差分进化算法( DifferentialEvolution, DE差分进化算法简介差分演化算法CONTENTS引言由 Rainer storn和 Kenneth price在1997年为求解切比雪基本原理夫多项式而提出。应用实例优缺点◎是一种随机的并行直接搜索算法,它可以对非线性、不算法改进可微、连续空间函数进行最小化,以其易用性、稳健性研完点和强大的全局寻优能力在多个领域取得成功。◎应用:在约東优化计算、聚类优化计算、飞线性优化控制、神经网络优化、滤波器设计、阵列天线方向图综合等参考文献差分演化算法CONTENTSE Storn, Rainer and Price, Kenneth. Differential evolution引言a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over基本原理continuous spaces. Journal of global optimization, 1997应用实例优缺点国杨启文,蔡亮,薛云灿.差分进化算法综述.模式识别与人算法改进工智能,2008研完点圖王培崇,钱旭,王月,虎晓红.差分进化计算研究综述.计算机工程应用,2009E Das, Swagatam and Suganthan, Ponnuthurai Nagaranam. Differential evolution: a survey of the state-of-the-artEvolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on, 2011优化问题表示差分演化算法左图是两个参数的函右侧是最优化问题的形式化CONTENTS数的3D图像,可以描述。第一行是目标函数,引基本原理将xy平面的矩形作为表示求函数极小值;然后是应用实例解空间,优化问题就约束条件。优缺点是从解空间中搜索最算法改进大最小值研完点min f(x1, x2st.x;∈[L;,U1≤j≤算法框架差分演化算法迭代过程CONTENTS引种群初始化变异交叉选择基本原理应用实例优缺点种群初始化在解空间中随机、均匀地产生M个个体,每算法改进个个体由n个染色体组成,作为第0代种群,标记为研完点X(0)=(x;1(0),x12(00i=1.2..…,M◎变异、交叉、选择三步操作迭代执行,直到算法收敛。第g次迭代的第i个个体标记为X(g)=(x;1(g),x;2(g),…,x1n(g)1.2.M种群初始化差分演化算法在n维空间里随机产生满足约束条件的M个染色体,第i个染色体的第个维取值方式如下rand(0,1)产生0到1的均匀分布CONTENTS的随机数):引基本原理;(0)=L+mnd(0,1)(U,-L)应用实例M优缺点算法改进研完点均匀分布随机分布聚群分布变异算子差分演化法在第8次迭代中,对个体X(g)=(x18,x12(g),…,xn(g),从种群中随机选择3个个体Xn1(g),X12(g),Xp3(g),且p1≠p2≠CONTENTS13≠i,则引H(g)=Xn1(g)+F.(Xn2(g)-X3)基本原理应用实例其中△p2,n3(8)=Ⅹn2(g)-X(8)是差分向量;F是缩放因子,优缺点用于控制差分向量的影响力算法改进研完点F(xm-x,:)0
- 2021-05-07下载
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5G Mobile and Wireless Communications Technology
关于5G通信和无线传输的相关知识5G Mobile and wirelessCommunications TechnologyEDITED BYAFIF OSSEIRANEricssonJOSE F MONSERRATUniversitat politecnica de valenciaPATRICK MARSCHCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESSCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESSUniversity Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United KingdomCambridge University Press is part of the University of CambridgeIt furthers the Universitys mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit ofeducation learning and research at the highest international levels of excellencewww.cambridge.orgInformationonthistitlewww.cambridge.org/9781107130098C Cambridge University Press 2016This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreementsno reproduction of any part may take place without the writtenpermission of Cambridge University PressFirst published 2016Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwalla catalogue record for this publication is available from the british libraryLibrary of Congress Cataloguing in Publication dataOsseiran. Afif editor5G mobile and wireless communications technology /[edited by] Afif Osseiran, EricssonJose F monserrat, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Patrick Marsch, Nokia NetworksNew York: Cambridge University Press, 2016LCCN2015045732|ISBN978110713009( hardback)LCSH: Global system for mobile communications. Mobile communication systems- StandardsLCC TK5103483A152016DDC62138456dc23Lcrecordavailableathttp://icCn.loc.gov/2015045732IsBN 978-1-107-13009-8 HardbackCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy ofURLS for external or third- party internet websites referred to in this publicationand does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remainaccurate or appropriateTo my new born son S, my twin sons H& N, my wife L s-y for her unwaveringencouragement, and in the memory of a great lady my aunt K eA OsseiranTo my son, the proud fifth generation of the name Jose Monserrat. And with thewarmest love to my daughter and wife, for being always there.E MonserratTo my two small sons for their continuous energetic entertainment, and my dearwife for her amazing patience and support.P MarschContentsList of contributorspage xIvForewordAcknowledgmentsXIXAcronymsXXIIIntroduction1. 1 Historical background1.1.1 Industrial and technological revolution: from steam enginesto the internet1. 1.2 Mobile communications generations: from IG to 4G1.1.3 From mobile broadband ( mbb) to extreme MBB1. 1.4 IoT: relation to 5G1.2 From ICT to the whole economy6771.3 Rationale of 5G: high data volume, twenty-five billion connecteddevices and wide requirements1.3.1 Security1.4 Global initiatives1. 4.1 METIS and the 5G-PPP1. 4.2 China: 5G promotion group2241. 4.3 Korea: 5G Forum141. 4.4 Japan: ARIB 2020 and Beyond Ad Hoc1. 4.5 Other 5G initiatives14.6 Iot activities1.5 Standardization activities445551.5.1ITU-R1.5.23GPP161.5.3 EEE161.6 Scope of the book16References185G use cases and system concept212. 1 Use cases and requirements212.1.1 Use cases212. 1.2 Requirements and key performance indicatorsContents2.2 5G system concept322.2.1 Concept overview322. 2.2 Extreme mobile broadband342.2.3 Massive machine-type communication362.2.4 Ultra-reliable machine-type communication382.2.5 Dynamic radio access network392.2.6 Lean system control plane432. 2. 7 Localized contents and traffic flows52.2.8 Spectrum toolbox2. 3 Conclusions48References48The 5g architecture503.1 Introduction503.1.1 NFV and SDN503.1.2 Basics about ran architecture533.2 High-level requirements for the 5G architecture563.3 Functional architecture and 5g flexibility573.3.1 Functional split criteria583.3.2 Functional split alternatives593.3.3 Functional optimization for specific applications3.3.4 Integration of lte and new air interface to fulfill 5Grequirements3.3.5 Enhanced Multi-RAT coordination features663. 4 Physical architecture and 5G deployment3.4.1 Deployment enablers673.4.2 Flexible function placement in 5G deployments713.5 Conclusions74References75Machine-type communications774.1 Introduction774.1.1 Use cases and categorization of mto774.1.2 MTC requirements804.2 Fundamental techniques for MTC834.2.1 Data and control for short packets834.2.2 Non-orthogonal access protocols854.3 Massive mtc864.3.1 Design principles864.3.2 Technology components864.3. 3 Summary of mMTC features944.4 Ultra-reliable low-latency MTC944.4. 1 Design principles944.4.2 Technology componentsContents4.4.3 Summary of uMTC features1014.5 Conclusions102References103Device-to-device(D2D)communications1075.1 D2D: from 4G to 5G1075.1.1 D2D standardization: 4G LTE D2D1095.1. 2 D2D in 5G: research challenges1125.2 Radio resource management for mobile broadband D2D1135.2.1 RRM techniques for mobile broadband d2d5.2.2 RRM and system design for D2D1145.2.3 5G D2D RRM concept: an example5.3 Multi-hop d2d communications for proximity and emergencyservices1205.3.1 National security and public safety requirements in 3GPPand Metis1215.3.2 Device discovery without and with network assistance125.3.3 Network-assisted multi-hop d2d communications1225.3.4 Radio resource management for multi-hop D2D1245.3.5 Performance of D2D communications in the proximitcommunications scenario1255. 4 Multi-operator d2d communication1275.4.1 Multi-operator D2D discovery275.4.2 Mode selection for multi-operator D2D1285.4.3 Spectrum allocation for multi-operator D2D295.5 Conclusions133References1346Millimeter wave communications1376. 1 Spectrum and regulations1376.2 Channel propagation1396.3 Hardware technologies for mm W systems1396.3.1 Device technology1396.3.2 Antennas1426.3.3 Beamforming architecture1436.4 Deployment scenarios6. 5 Architecture and mobility1466.5.1 Dual connectivit1476.5.2 Mobility1476.6 Beamforming1496.6. 1 Beamforming techniques1496.6.2 Beam finding1506.7 Physical layer techniques1526.7.1 Duplex scheme152
- 2020-12-06下载
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