NGSIM使用手册（1）
美国NGSIM系统的使用手册，方便读者高效的利用NGSIM进行数据下载，完成交通领域的研究Technical Report Documentation Page1. Report No2. Government Accession no3. Recipients Catalog NoFHWA-HOP-06-0124. Title and subtitle5. Report DateNext Generation Simulation(NGSIM) Data Format Planly20046. Performing Organization Code7. Author(s8. Performing Organization report noVijay Kovvali, richard margiotta, Robert franc, vassiliAlexiadis9. Performing Organization Name and Address10. Work Unit NoCAMBRIDGE SYSTEMATIC INC150 CAMBRIDGE PARK DRIVE SUITE 400011. Contract or grant noCAMBRIDGE MA 02140DTFH61-02-C-0003612. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address13. Type of Report and Period CoveredDepartment of transportationFinal reportFederal Highway AdministrationJuly 2003-july 2004Office of Acquisition Management14. Sponsoring Agency Code400 Seventh Street SW, RM 4410Washington, DC 2059015. Supplementary notesFHWA COTR: John Halkias, Office of Operations, and James Colyar, Office of Operations r&d16. AbstractThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGSIM) Data Format Plan was developed to define thestructure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be collected for estimationcalibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. The development of the data Format Plan isbased on existing formats that are relevant to ngsim and augmented to fill in gaps. to this end, a reviewof existing data formats was undertaken and their relevance to NGSiM was assessed. The review includeddata standards developed for intelligent transportation systems(ITS), data formats developed specificallyfor traffic simulation models, and data formats developed for broader transportation applications. Thespecified data formats were developed with the objective of promoting efficient research by maintainingonsistency between data collection and research, and providing consistent storage and transmittalprotocols. On the other hand, this plan intentionally avoids over specification of data formats, so as tominimize unnecessary limitations to research. This document specifies the conceptual data model by meansof Unified Modeling Language UMl class diagrams; the data dictionary in the data standard prescribed bP1489-1999 format developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE); the dataexchange structure for data transfer from user to user or from the database/repository to users; and theNGSIM metadata17. Key words1 8. Distribution StatementNext generation simulation, NGSIM, trafficNo restrictions. This document is available to thesimulation, high-level plan, traffic data collection, public through the National Technical Informationvehicle trajectory dataService, Springfield, VA2216119. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No of Pages22. PriceUnclassifiedUnclassifiedForm dot e1700.7(8-72)Reproduction of completed pages authorizedTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1High- Level plan context……垂垂垂垂·着垂垂垂垂非垂·非垂垂看垂音非非;·垂垂音看垂看垂1.2 Background1.3 Data Collection Types……1344581. 4 Data Conversion1.5 Data Formats·····.···············.··.···.·;···..·.··..·.···2.0 NGSIM DATA REQUIREMENTS22 Microsimulation Software Data format,…………172.1 NGSIM Data…192.3 Rcquirements for NgsiM data Collection..................193.0 RECOMMENDED NGSIM DATA FORMATS..m. 233.1 NGSIM Data model233.2 NGSIM Data Dictionary……………243.3 NGSIM Metadata.............................253.4 NGSIM Data Exchange Format273.5 File and Directory Naming Convention……293.6 Summary30REFERENCES31APPENDIX A-REVIEW OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION DATA FORMATS3APPENDIX B-ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS FOR NGSIM DATACOLLECTION,45APPENDIX C-DATA MODEL∴….,,53APPENdIXD-DATA DICTIONARY.APPENDIX E-METADATA. ...........................................................................................99APPENdIX F-SYSTEM-STATE DATA看香音看音香n117List of FiguresFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies4Figure2. Diagran. Data format classification relevant to ngsim1………Figure 3. Diagram. Top level data model of general traffic simulation55Figure4. Diagram. Influencing factors database packages………………56Figure 5. Diagram. Behavioral models packages57Figure6. Diagran. Facility type generalization…………18Figure 7. Diagram. Traffic management systems generalization......59Figure 8. Diagram. Transit management systems generalizationFigure9. Diagran. nvironment generalization.………………………0Figure 10. Diagram NTCIP Controller class diagram61Figure 11 Diagram Actuated traffic signal controller generalization2Figure12 Diagram. Generalized microsimulation data model………………63Figure 13 Diagram Data concept components and constructs(IEEE Std 1489-1999)66List of tablesTable 1. Example validation data by algorithm categoryTable 2. Summary of NGSiM categorizations for data formatsTable 3. Accuracy requirements for vehicle trajectory data. ..45Table 4. Accuracy requirements for instrumented vehicle data.........46Table 5. Accuracy requirements for wide-area detector data......... 47Table 6. Accuracy requirements for nctwork-rclated data48Table 7. Accuracy requirements for representative transportation managementsystems data52Table 8. Terminology for UMLmodeler54Table 9. Data dictionary for NgSim.67Table 10 processing documentation metadata for ngsimwwwwwm116Table1l. Requisite vehicle trajectory data…………………………117Table 12. requisite wide-area detector data requirements……118EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Next Generation Simulation Program(NGsim) Data Format plan was developed todefine the structure, documentation, and transfer requirements for data that will be col-lected for estimation, calibration, and validation of core behavioral algorithms. Thedevelopment of the data format plan is based on existing formats that are relevant toNGSIM and augmented to fill in gaps. To this end, a review of existing data formats wasundertaken and their relevance to ngsim was assessed. The review included data standards developed for intelligent transportation systems (ITS), data formats developed spe-cifically for traffic simulation models and data formats developed for broader transporta-tion applications. The specified data formats were developed with the objective of pro-moting efficient research by maintaining consistency between data collection andresearch, and providing consistent storage and transmittal protocols. On the other handthis plan intentionally avoids overspecification of data formats, so as to minimize unnecessary limitations to researchFour data format components were specified in this document, including: 1)data model,2)data dictionary, 3 )metadata, and 4) data exchange formatNGSIM Data Model- The conceptual data model for NGSIM data formats is pre-sented by means of Unified Modeling Language() class diagrams. Used in con-junction with the data dictionary, the data model allows for construction of a formaldatabase/repository for NGSIM validation dataNGSIM Data Dictionary This provides definition of individual data elementsrequired by NGsim. It follows the data standard prescribed by P1489-1999 formatdeveloped by the Institutc of Elcctrical and Electronics Engineers(ieee)NGSIM Data Exchange Format- The data cxchange structure dcfincs how datashould be transferred from user to user or from the database /repository to users. Thisdocument specifies the framework for developing data exchange formats by providingthe data model and the data dictionary; it also provides clear guidance on the formatstandards with which the data exchange format should conform Currently it doesnot provide specific schema for the data exchange formatsNGSIM Metadata- This includes both traditional metadata(definitions, specificationsand valid value lists for data elements and general information about the dataset andits availability); and processing metadata(what has happened to the data from data col-lection to data archival). Administrative metadata formats were adapted fromContent Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata(FGDC-STD-001-1998), developedby the Federal Geographic Data Committee(FGDC). Recommendations for NGSiMprocessing metadata are based on the guidance provided in ASTM E2259-03, devel-oped by the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTm)1.0 INTRODUCTIONThe objectives of the NGsim program include the followingDevelopment of a core set of open behavioral algorithms in support of traffic simulation with a primary focus on microscopic modelingCollection of extensive data that will be used for estimation calibration and validationof the core behavioral algorithms; and storing the data in a repository that can be uni-versally accessedThe High-Level Plan for DatasetsTask E3)identified different kinds of traffic data col-lection methods and technologies and recommended three kinds of data collection effortsfor ngsim, including vehicle trajectory data wide area detector data and instrumentedvehicle dataThis report Task F)presents the documentation, format structure, and transfer requirements for the ngsim data formats for these data collection efforts identified in task e3This report is organized as followsExecutive Summary -Provides an executive summary of this documentSection1.0-Provides an overview and introduction to this report, including the con-text of the data format plan within NGsIM, information on NGsim data collection anddata types, information on data conversion, general information on data formats, anda summary of available transportation data formats and their relevance for ngsimSection 2.0-Presents definitions and categorization for different data types, and pro-vides ngsim data requirementsSection 3.0-Presents data format recommendations for the NGsim program,including a data model, data elements for the data dictionary, metadata to describe thedata collection effort and data exchange formatsReferences-Presents references used in developing this data format planAppendix a-Presents a review of existing transportation data formatsAppendix B-Presents accuracy requirements for NGSiM data collectionAppendix C- Presents a UML representation of the ngsim data modelAppendix D-Presents a high-level NGSIM data dictionaryAppendix E- Presents metadata categories, dictionary, and recommended metadataformats for ngsim1.1 HIGH-LEVEL PLAN CONTEXTInterdependencies among NGSIM tasks are shown in figure 1. The High-Level Plan forDatasets(Task E. 3) presents an assessment of existing datasets of potential use for NGSIM,and makes recommendations on the focus for nGsim data collection methodologies. Thisreport on the data Format Plan task f) provides recommendations on the data exchangeformat(s) for NGSIM data collection efforts. The data formats are also influenced by theHigh-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e 2)Task E 1-1Core algorithmAssessmentTask e,3Task e.1-2Task e2High-LevelCore AlgorithmHigh-Level Verificationlan for DatasetsPlanandⅤ alidation planTask eData format planFigure 1 Diagram. NGSIM task interdependencies.1.2 BACKGROUNDThe NGSiM field data collection effort pursues data required for developing, estimating,calibrating and validating traffic behavioral algorithms. Tactical route execution, opera-tional driving, and en-route strategic traveler behaviors were identified as the focus of theNGSIM core behavioral algorithm research in the identification and prioritization of coreAlgorithms Task D)report. The High-Level Verification and Validation Plan(task e2)provides an example of the data collection datasets for each algorithm category as shownin table 1. the table illustrates the extent over which data must be collected for each levelof algorithm. For example, for operational driving algorithms, a single stretch of roadwayon a freeway will likely be sufficient, while, for development of tactical driving algo-rithms, the data collection effort should be expanded to include the freeway section andmultiple entry and exit ramps that feed the freeway. The data formats developed in thisplan address the data, both static and dynamic, that are pertinent to the data collectionefforts necessary for developing and validating all three categories of driver behavioralalgorithms4
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VHDL语言教程(精华)
VHDL语言的简化教程pdf,通过文档可以全面了解VHDL的语法。VHDL概述:●●●●ⅤHDL→Ⅴ HSIC Hardwarter Description LanguageⅤHSIC→Ⅴ ery High speed integrated circuitVHDL是美国国防部在20世纪80年代初为实现其高速集成电路硬件ⅤHSIC计划提出的描述语言;IEEE从1986年开始致力于ⅤHD标准化工作,融合了其它ASIC芯片制造商开发的硬件描述语言的优点,于93年形成了标准版本( IEEE std1164)。1995年,我国国家技术监督局推荐ⅤHDL做为电子设计自动化硬件描述语言的国家标准。●●●●VHDL优点●●0覆盖面广,系统硬件描述能力强,是一个多层次的硬件描述语言;VHDL语言具有良好的可读性,既可以被计算机接受,也容易被人们所理解;ⅤHDL语言可以与工艺无关编程;VHDL语言已做为一种IEEE的工业标准,便于使用、交流和推广。VHDL语言的不足之处设计的最终实现取决于针对目标器件的编程器,工具的不同会导致综合质量不一样31VHDL语言基础●●●●3.1.1标识符( Identifiers)●●0标识符用来定义常数、变量、信号、端口、子程序或参数的名字,由字母(A~z,a-z)、数字(0-9)和下划线()字符组成。要求:●首字符必须是字母未字符不能为下划线●不允许出现两个连续的下划线不区分大小写●ⅥHDL定义的保留字(关键字),不能用作标识符●标识符字符最长可以是32个字符。注释由两个连续的虚线(--)引导关键字(保留字)●●●●关键字( keyword)是VHDL中具有特别含义的单词,只●●0能做为固定的用途,用户不能用其做为标识符。BJ]0: ABS, ACCESS, AFTER, ALL, AND, ARCHITECTUREARRAY ATTRIBUTE. BEGIN. BODY BUFFER BUS CASECOMPONENT, CONSTANT, DISCONNECT, DOWNTO, ELSEELSIF END ENTITY EXIT. FILE. FOR. FUNCTIONGENERIC. GROUP IF INPURE. IN. INOUT. IS. LABELLIBRARY LINKAGE. LOOP MAP MOD. NAND. NEW. NEXTNOR NOT NULL. OF ON OPEN OR OTHERS OUTPACKAGE. POUT. PROCEDURE. PROCESS. PURE. RANGERECODE. REM REPORT RETURN ROL. ROR SELECTSHARED SIGNAL SLA SLL SRA SUBTYPE. THENTRANSPORT. TO. TYPE UNAFFECTED. UNITS UNTIL. USEVARIABLE WAIT. WHEN. WHILE. WITH. XOR XNOR3.1.2数据对象( Date Objects)●●●●数据对象包括常量、变量、信号和文件四种类型。常量 Constant常量是对某一常量名赋予一个固定的值,而且只能赋值一次。通常赋值在程序开始前进行,该值的数据类型则在说明语句中指明。Constant常数名:数据类型:=表达式Constant vcc:real:=5.0;-定义vcc的数据类型是实数,赋值为5.0VConstant bus width: integer:=8;-定义总线宽度为常数8常量所赋的值应和定义的数据类型一致;常量在程序包、实体、构造体或进程的说明性区域內必须加以说明。定义在程序包内的常量可供所含的任何实体、构造体所引用,定义在实体说明内的常量只能在该实体内可见,定义在进程说明性区域中的常量只能在该进程内可见。变量 ariable●●●●变量只能在进程语句、函数语句和过程语句结构中使用。变量的赋值是直接的,非预设的,分配给变量的值立即成为当前值,变量不能表达“连线”或存储元件,不能设置传输延迟量。变量定义语句Variable变量名:数据类型:=初始值;Variable count: integer0to255:=20;-定义counηt整数变量,变化范围0255,初始值为20。变量赋值语句:目标变量名:=表达式;x:=10.0;-实数变量赋值为10.0Y:=1.5+x;-运算表达式赋值,注意表达式必须与目标变量的数据类型相同A(3to6):=(“1101”);-位矢量赋值信号 Signa信号表示逻辑门的输入或输出,类似于连接线,也可以表达存/储元件的状态。信号通常在构造体、程序包和实体中说明。信号定义语句Signa信号名:数据类型:=初始值Signal clock:bit:=‘0’;-定义时钟信号类型,初始值为0Signa| count: BIT VECTOR(3 DOWNTO0);-定义 count为4位位矢量信号赋值语句:目标信号名
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