平面变压器3D仿真资料
采用COMSOL软件，对平面变压器的仿真过程进行叙述，让大家了解平面变压器的仿真流程，是个很好的指导教材Solved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0Results and discussionThe magnetostatic analysis yields an inductance of 0. 1l mH and a dc resistance of0. 29 mQ2. Figure 2 shows the magnetic flux density norm and the electric potentialdistributionvolume: Coil potentiaL()Volume: Magnetic flux density norm (t▲0.07▲2.88×10-42.51.50.03050.01V656×107v0igure 2: Magnetic flux density norm and electric potential distribution for themagnetostatic analysisIn the static (DC) limit, the potential drop along the winding is purely resistive andcould in principle be computed separately and before the magnetic flux density iscomputed. When increasing the frequency, inductive effects start to limit the currentand skin effect makes it increasingly difficult to resolve the current distribution in thewinding. At sufficiently high frequency, the current is mainly flowing in a thin layernear the conductor surface. When increasing the frequency further. capacitive effectscome into play and current is flowing across the winding as displacement currentdensity. When going through the resonance frequency, the device goes from behavingas an inductor to become predominantly capacitive. At the self resonance, the resistivelosses peak due to the large internal currents Figure 4 shows the surface current3 MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0distribution atl MHz. Typical for high frequency the currents are displaced towardsthe edges of the conductor.freq(1)=1.0000E6_Surfaee: Surface-current density norm (A/)▲18618Q16010￥1.02Figure 3: Surface current density at I MHz (below the resonance frequency)Figure 4 shows how the resistive part of the coil impedance peaks at the resonancefrequency near 6MHz whereas Figure 5 shows how the reactive part of the coiimpedance changes sign and goes from inductive to capacitive when passing throughthe resonance4 MODELING OFA3DINDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0Global: Lumped port impedance(Q2)d port impedance7.5G6.583275655545352510.10.20.30.40.509igure 4: Real part of the electric potential distribution5 MODELING OF A INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0Global: Lumped port impedance(Q2)35000Lumped port impedance200001000050000500010000-1500020000250000.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.809Figure 5: The reactive part of the coil impedance changes sign hen passing through theresonance frequency, going from inductive to capacitiveModel library path: ACDC_Module/Inductive_ Devices_and_coils/inductor 3dFrom the file menu. choose newNEWI In the new window click model wizardMODEL WIZARDI In the model wizard window click 3D2 In the Select physics tree, select AC/DC> Magnetic Fields(mf)3 Click Add4 Click StudyMODELING OF A3D NDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.05 In the Select study tree, select Preset Studies>StationaryGEOMETRYThe main geometry is imported from file. Air domains are typically not part of a CaDgeometry so they usually have to be added later. For convenience three additionaldomains have been defined in the CAd file. These are used to define a narrow feed gapwhere an excitation can be appliedport l(impl)I On the model toolbar, click Import2 In the Settings window for Import, locate the Import section3 Click Browse4 Browse to the models model library folder and double-click the filenductor 3d. mphbinSphere /(sphl)I On the Geometry toolbar, click Sphere2 In the Settings window for Sphere, locate the Size section3 In the Radius text field, type 0.2ick to expand the Layers section. In the table, enter the following settingsLayer nameThickness(m)ayer0.055 Click the Build All Objects buttonForm Union(fin)i On the Geometry toolbar, click Build AllClick the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar7 MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.03 Click the Wireframe Rendering button on the Graphics toolbarThe geometry should now look as in the figure below0.1-0.10.20.0.0.1y0.0.2Next, define selections to be used when setting up materials and physics Start bdefining the domain group for the inductor winding and continue by adding otheruseful selectionsDEFINITIONSExplicitI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Winding3 Select Domains 7,8 and 14 onlyI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Gap3 Select domain 9 onlI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit8 MODELING OF A3DINDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.02 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type core3 Select Domain 6 onlyExplicit 4I On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type InfiniteElements3 Select Domains 1-4 and 10-13 onlyExplicit 5I On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Non-conducting3 Select Domains 1-6 and 9-13 onlyI On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit2 In the Settings window for Explicit, in the Label text field, type Non-conductingwithout Ie3 Select Domains 5, 6, and 9 only.Infinite Element Domain /(iel)Use infinite elements to emulate an infinite open space surrounding the inductorI On the definitions toolbar click Infinite element domain2 In the Settings window for Infinite Element Domain, locate the Domain Selectionsection3 From the Selection list. choose Infinite Elements4 Locate the Geometry section From the Type list, choose SphericalNext define the material settingsADD MATERIALI On the Model toolbar, click Add Material to open the add Material window2 Go to the Add material window3 In the tree, select AC/DC>Copper.4 Click Add to Component in the window toolbar9 MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTORSolved with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0MATERIALSCopper(mat/)I In the Model Builder window, under Component I(comp l)>Materials click Copper(matD)2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Geometric Entity Selection section3 From the Selection list, choose windingADD MATERIALI Go to the Add Material window2 In the tree. select built-In>Air3 Click Add to Component in the window toolbarMATERIALSAir(mat2I In the Model Builder window, under Component I(comp l)>Materials click Air(mat2)2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Geometric Entity Selection section3 From the Selection list, choose Non-conductingThe core material is not part of the material library so it is entered as a user-definedmateriaMaterial 3(mat3)I In the Model Builder window, right-click Materials and choose Blank Material2 In the Settings window for Material, in the Label text field, type Core3 Locate the geometric Entity Selection section4 From the selection list choose Core5 Locate the Material Contents section. In the table, enter the following settingsPropertName Value Unit Property groupElectrical conductivity sigma0S/IBasicRelative permittivity epsilonrBasicRelative permeability mur1e3Basic6 On the model toolbar. click Add Material to close the Add Material windowMAGNETIC FIELDS (MF)Select Domains 1-8 and 10-14 only0MODELING OF A 3D INDUCTOR
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过程控制锅炉汽包水位模糊PID控制的LabVIEW仿真
锅炉汽包水位模糊PID控制的LabVIEW仿真ScientificResearchSystem Simulation Technology Application (Volume 13)Table 1. Rule list of fuzzy control of Kp据、结果显示。当运行程序时,只有前面板出现在计表1.K模糊控制规则表算机的屏幕上,作为虚拟仪器和用户的接口。与其他E仿真语言相比,除了能在 Labview软件中方便地使ECNB NM NS ZO PS PM PB用PID工具包进行模糊PID控制器设计外,在仿真过NB PBPB PMPM PS Z0 ZO程中还能实现对仿真参数的动态修改,只要按照要求NMPB PM PSPS ZO NS在前面板上写入相应的控制参数,便可以进行参数动Ns PPs ZO态修改,相应的更新结果可由前面板以多种方式显小ZO PM PM PS ZO NS NM N出来并可以数据文件形式保存。使仿真过程变得更加PSPSPS ZO NSNS NMNM灵活、便捷。本文所用的前面板如图4所示。PM PS ZO NS NM NⅥNMNBPB ZO ZO NMNM NM NBNB4基于LabⅤIEW的模糊PID控制系统设计美国NI( National Instruments)公司的LabⅤILW口回6,A·逦是基于数据流的图形化编程语言G的开发环境,是仪器控制与数据采集的编程平台,能快速构建实现交互控制系统的图形用户界面,并且它与测量、自动化硬 Figure3. Flow chart of drum water level control system件紧密的结合,具冇完善的数据采集、信号分析和信图3.汽包水位控制系统仿真流程图息显示的解决方案。 LabVIEW中的PD工具包(PIDToolkit提供∫一个完整的模糊控制设计系统,包括:汽包水裨制实验·模糊逻辑控制器设计子程序( Fuzzy Logic Con-roller Design):提供一个友好的图形用户界面(GUI),可以直观地设计和修改模糊控制器的水过低圣汽流量Fe的艰属函数、规则库、推理规则和去模糊方法等等。●」售定设计的结果保存在一个以结尾的文件中,应用冷水入口当诞0程序就谴用此文件。主PTD模糊控制器子程序( Fuzzy Controller.ⅵ):作为程在■a2序的个功能模块(函数),用于在应用程序中实现模糊控制算法。调入控制器子程序( Load Fuzzy Controller.ⅵ)E四常数56将fs文件调入应用稈序功能模块,将指定文件的Figure 4.The front panel of drum level control systemPID参数加载到应用程序的模糊控制器中。图4.汽包水位控制系统前面板框图软件设计由两部分组成,即前面板和流程图。在前面板,用输入控件( Contro)来实现参数的输入,参为了说明该控制策略相对其他控制方法的优越数的显示和程序运行的结果由输出控件( ndicator来性生,同时作了锅炉汽包水位系统常规串级PD控制的完成。流程图是完成程序功能的图形化源代码,通过仿真研究,其外回路和内国路均采用PD控制器,其对控件设置合适的参数和连线建立控制系统。采用模PID控制器的算法为糊PID控制的带前馈的串级三冲量控制系统的流程图u(t)=k,,(e+T Gedt+ la dr)如图3所示。式中:ε为设定值与探制过程返回量之间的偏差,基于 LabView开发的程序面板具有良好的人机K为比例增益,T为积分时间常数,Ta为微分时间常互动的风格,使用简单。前面板提供了丰富的图形控数,u(为控制器输出量。根据图3,设置PID控制器件,可以模拟传统仪器工作方式,在前面板上放置所的参数为K=3、T=150以及a4。两种控制方式的控需要的控件和指示器,实现仪器控制以及较直观的数制效果如图5所示。978-1-935068-81-5c2011 SirEs40o1994-2012cHinaAcademicJournalElectronicpUblishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.netScientifieSystem Simulation Technology Application( Volume 13)° Researcl从图5(a)可以看出,在无扰动情况下,采用普通差,而普通PID则在扰动过大的时候则无法做到这PID进行控制超调量约有30%,而采用模糊PID控制点。在汽包水位的控制过程中,通过在不同时刻施加则将超调量控制在10%以内,并且模糊PD控制更能不同扰动,其阶跃响应图显示岀模糊PD控制都要优有效地减少上升时间与调节时间;在初始状态有扰动于普通的PID控制,对锅炉汽包所存在的“虚假水位的情况下如图5(b)和5(c),模糊PID均比普通PID控控制得更好,达到更令人满意的效果。因此,采用模制具有更小的超调量及更短的调节时间;在第一次稳糊Pυ控制策略比常规P控制策略具有较好的调节定后施加两种扰动时如图5(d所示,模糊PID相比普品质以及较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力,而且能在对象通PID不仅响应快,超调小,更有效地消除了稳态误模型失配的情况下表现出较强的适应能力。设定值直世D(a)无扰动(b)加入10%蒸汽扰动(c)加入20给水扰动(d第一次稳定后施加两种扰动Figure 5. Curve: Unit step response of different disturbance图5.不同扰动下的单位阶跃响应曲线5结束语Steam Generator[],Journal of System Simulation, 2004, 16(10)P450-453.提出了使用 Labview构建模糊控制器进行锅炉刘红军,韩璞,工东风,锅炉汽包水位系统 DMC-PID串级控制仿真研究[,系统仿真学报,204,16(10),P450-453汽包八位控制的仿真研究,通过比较两种控制方式,[41 XU Chun-mci, ZHANG Haol, YANG Ping, Nonlincar pid-Pcascade control for boiler drum level [J]. East China Electric可以看出对于锅炉汽包水位,采用模糊PID控制在上Power:2009,37(5),P838~84升时间、超调量、调节时间等控制性能都要优于普通凃春梅,张浩,杨平汽包水位串级二冲量非线性PID控制系统[,华东电力,2009,37(5):838~84PⅠD控制。基于 LabVIew语言采用流程图形式开发的51Chul-lIwan Jung, et al. A real-time self-tuning fuzzy controller应用程序,具有良好的人机交互界面,形象直观的控through scaling factor adjustment for the steam generator of NPl574:53-60制界面,更强的数据处理功能及简便实用的参数显示(6] SONG Zhi-gang; YU Qi-xiang; WANG Yi-ming;ctl, Devclop功能。比使用其他仿真语言(如Maab/ Simulink工具ment of fuzzy controller for parameters adaptation of PID con-troller based on L abvIEW[1, Machinery Design manufacture箱)更容易实现各个模块之间传递数据,仿真过程还2003(4):P11~12.能动态修改仿真参数并实时更新,可以更好地配置控宋智罡,郁其祥,王益明等,基于 LabVIew的PID参数自适应模糊控制器设计山J,机械设计与制造,2003(4:11~12制器参数以达到最优,大大缩短没计周期,提高开发[7] Jin Yihui, Process Control [m, Beijing: TSinghua universily效率,具有较大的工程实用价值。press. 1988金以慧,过程控制[M,北京:清华大学出版社,1998[8 ZHAO Baochun, LUO Zon-gan, LIu Xianghua, Design andReferences(参考文献simulation of fuzzy logic controller based on LabVIEW], Control Engineering of China, 2006, 13(S1 ): 49-52[1] CHEN Hong-wei, XU Zhen-yu, YANG Bo, et al, Analysis of the赵宝纯,骆宗安,刘相华,基于LabⅤIEW的模糊控’器设计Influential Factors to Boiler Drum Level [], Power System En与仿真[,控制工程,2006,13:4952neering,2007,23(02):32-33[9] JiN Zhiqiang, Biao Qiliang, A method of design of PID controller陈鸿伟,许振宇,杨博,等锅炉汽包水位影响因素分析[电based on I abvIEW[], Control Automation, 2005, 21(6): 1-2站系统工程,2007,23(02):32-33金志强,包启亮,一种基于LabⅤIEW的PID控制器设计的[2 ZHOU Jia, CAO Xiao-ling, LIU Yong-wen, Controlling Strategy方法[,微计算机信息,2005,21(6):1-2Analysis of Drum Level in Boiler [J]. Boiler Technology, 2005, [10] National Instrument, Lab VIEW simulation moduler user manual36(03):5~10.IM, Austin: National Instruments, 2004周佳,曹小玲,刘永文,锅炉汽包水位控制策略的现状分炘[11 LI Guo-yng, A New Fu∠ y PID Controller[ J Journal of Sys-「J,锅炒技术,2005,36(03),P5-10tem simulation,2003,15(10):1492-1496[3 IIU Hongjun, HAN Pul, WANG Dongfeng, Simulation Research李国勇,一和新型的模糊PID控制器[J,系统仿頁学报,of DMC-PID Cascade for Water Level System of a Drum boile2003,15(10),P1492-1496978-1-935068-81-502011 Scares.o1994-2012ChinaAcademicJournalelEctronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreservedhttp://www.cnki.ner
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