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《Zemax激光光学设计实例应用——自学案例汇编》之<Zemax光纤输出光斑整形光源的选择问题（非序列模式）>

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简介：这份材料是作者自学Zemax光学设计及在实践中应用的案例汇编，提供初学者使用软件作光学系统设计练习，整个过程需要Zemax光学系统设计软件。使用的软件版本为比较常见的2005或2009。因两个版本在某些菜单列表和窗口形式上的些许差异，读者需自行对比测试。最开始的一些例子是基于目前比较常见的教材和习作而进行的细化论述，以丰富本文内容同时对初学者入门更有帮助。作者才疏学浅，不保证该文本的科学性和有效性，其主要作用在于帮助自己对知识进行积累、回顾和追溯。文中会对各个实例的关键位置进行尽量详细的叙述，以达到尽可能全面地掌握知识的目的。本文基于理论与实践的结合，不仅描述如何设计一套光学系统，并且讨Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编FN∏A TWUZ图18-43D光路结构图(混合序列模式)为了减少麻烦,用不着重新在非序列模式中编辑所有组件;我们可以将上述例子直接转换到非序列模式下。步骤为,主菜单 Tools→ MIsce1 aneous→ Convert to NsC Group,在弹出的对话框中,选择要转换的序列范围,比如,这里是从 Surface2到 Surface13,同时注意勾选 Convert file to non- sequenti al mode,确定后即可转换为非序列模式,透镜元件都在。不过,你会发现,原来已有的非序列组件不能转换过来,自动消失了。不过没关系,重新编辑缺失的组件即可。如图18-5所示,添加一个圆柱体(光纤)组件,再添加若干个探测器(方便自己观察的位置即可)BI Non-Sequential Component EditorEdit Solves Errors Detectors Database Tools ViEW Helpobject Typecomment2P351t1hMaterial Front FZ LengthBack rinder volume.050standard I erF1510.70N-5F64R.00冂.000.250standard LerF1511.820N一LAKs.50n6250Toroid a Lers surfaces00Q2.530standard Lerssurfaces45,440D.00Qtandard Lers surfaces4,3200。000standard Lers surfaces47.3z0BA/.0005,350Detector民ect116.000Detector Fect5.200200图18-5非序列光学组件列表接下米,我们米重点说一说光源的选择问题。因为光源的选择会明显影响仿真的实际效果。这里,我们需要个发散型的光源,发散角基本要和光纤的数值孔径相同,光源放在光纤前端——入射端。非序列光源组件有多种类型叫选,包括椭圆形光源 Source e1 lipse半导体光源 Source diode等等。这些可改置发散角的光源是否都满足要求呢,我们要看《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编看这些光源通过光纤组件之后输出一段距离光线的分布情况和聚焦的情况。我们首先选择椭圆形光源 Source e11ipse作为输入光源,放在光纤输入端。表面上看,椭圆形光源 Source e11ipse是一个面光源,可以分别设置两个半轴长度,但实际也是无穷远点光源。要设置光源的发散角,则需要改变发光源的位置,从无穷远改为有限距离。obiectcomment z Position Material*LayoutSourcepie50.020500000Power (wat.. wavenumber color# x Half wi.. Y Half wi.source Di..1.0000.0200.0200.100图18-6椭圆光源参数设置如图18-6所示设置光源参数,类型 object Type选择 Source e11ipse,位置zPoSItion设为-50.02,绘图光线数目 Layout rays设为50,分析光线数目 AnalysisRayS改为500000,半轴长度(相当于光阑) X Half width、 Y Half width均设为0.02(小于光纤半径),光源距离 Source distance设为0.1,其他参数默认即可。如此设置,光源距离和光阑尺寸的配合,恰好获得数值孔径NA为0.2的光源。然后在光纤输岀端、距离光纤端面0.5mm的位置放置一个探测器,检测输出光线分布情况,探测器像素500,尺寸要比预测光斑尺寸略大一些(一般2倍即可)设置完华,打开3D光路结构图,如图18-7所示。可见与图18-4所示的混合序列模式没有明显区别,除了绘图光线均匀性的区别,非序列模式中绘图光线为随机分布方式,而序列模式中绘图光线为均匀分布方式将图像局部放大,观察光纤输入端和输出端,注意光线是否有溢出或者发散角与设想的是否一致等等,分别如图18-8和18-9所示。因为,笔者实测发现一个问题,减小光纤直径,到一定程度之后,就会影响输出端的光线数值孔径,似乎一部分发散角大的光线被消去,输出的光线数值孔径变小了。但是,这时如果将光纤长度缩短到一定程度后,输出光线的数值孔径又能恢复正常。这个问题具体是由什么原理、原因造成的,口前还不知道。也就是说,用这个圆柱体cy1 inder yo lume来模拟光纤,需要注意育径-长度比例,否则丢失信息,读者注意。《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编图18-73D光路结构图(非序列模式图18-83D光路结构图-光纤前端(非序列模式)《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编图18-93D光路结构图-光纤出端(非序列模式)接着,打开探测器观察窗口,再打开光线追迹控制器,追迹所有探测器光线。这里,我们放置了两个探测器,分别在光线输出端口和光线聚焦位置。先看光纤输出端的光线分布,如图18-10所示为相干模式下,光纤输出端附近的光斑形状及光线密度分布情况,从图上看,分布不是很均匀,但大体还是可以看出光斑整体轮廓效果:;再切换到非相干模式下,如图18-11所示,我们看到这时光线分布严重不均匀,甚至光斑轮廓都看不到了,这显然已经和实际经验相去甚远了。133,S1l5宁,四了了4:1F315宁,H4,529,总92H,3屮DETEC T0R工MRGE: COHEEENT工RRFD工FNCED: YHG旺 AM BELTVERT SIST日正,屮日國翼的,题 H NILLLHETERXELS 500WX 591 H. TOTAL HITS =499993FHc:1,用92《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编图18-10探测器光线分析-光线输出端(相干模式)291625222三51292H1DETECTOR工HGE: INCOHERENT RR工HNE正囚,"HM工ET防.PIEs5EW5〗H.卫THT=曾們EF工RRR工RNCE40TE+004 HATTSCH 2TOTHL POWERi 9 9998E-00L HTT5图18-11探测器光线分析-光线输出端(非相干模式)121,5L,2272,55四DETE匚TDR工NRGE: COHERENT工 =EDLNCEND: HG BERM ELTWERY STSTEMTUE MAY正 ETECTOR 9. NSCG SLRFRCE正EW2@H山工TE,FE§5W5H,TfHT=2PEF TRRAOTFNCE i 12785E+00L ATTSCH"?OTAL POWER2.5占5E-2 MATTS图18-12探测器光线分析-聚焦光斑(相干模式)《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编r94:15屮714,72535,32555,123827E58 8317ETEGTUE工MRGE: INCOHEENT RRH工RNCELD: YAG BERM DELIVERY SYSTE1RCE 1SLZE 4I LX 21DE5 H MILLLHE TER PLNELS 59 5X 505 H. OTAL HTs =197978CE::60:m2TOTHL FILER图18-13探测器光线分析-聚焦光斑(非相干模式)再看另外一个探测器,光线经过透镜光学系统整形聚焦后的光斑形状和光线分布情况,相干模式和非相干模式分别如图18-12和18-13所示。同样,相干模式虽然分布也不均匀但基本还能看出光斑轮廓为以椭圆光斑;而非相干模式下,光线分别很不均匀,看上去光斑形状也不是椭圆形,而是一个变形了的菱形。于是,笔者怀疑光源的选择和设置可能不人合理。可能是由于光源本质还是一个点光源,即使通过光纤(圆柱体)后光线也没能有效匀化所致。那么,换一个光源类型,比如半导体光源 Source diode会不会更好一些。如图18-14所示,光源类型选择 Source diode,位置 z Postion设为-50.02,绘图光线数目Layout rays设为50,分析光线数目 Analysis Rays设为500000,发散角X- Di vergence、Y- DI vergence均设为12(匹配光纤数值孔径),其他参数默认即可。如此设置,获得的数值孔径NA差不多也为0.2的光源ε然后同样在光纤输出端、距离光纤端面0.5mm的位置放置一个探测器,检测输岀光线分布情况,探测器像素500,尺寸要比预测光斑尺寸略大一些(一般2倍即可)。更新3D光路结构图,放大观察光纤入射端和输出端的光线情况,分别如图18-15和18-16所示,可见都还比较正常,没有溢出光线,输出发散角也比较合理。《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编object TypeComment Position Material+ I ayout.*Analysi.Source diode0,U∠0object Type Astigmatismx-Diver ge.X-superGa.Y-Diverge.Y-superGasource D1 odel0.0D012.000.0112.0000.01图18-14导体光源参数设置图18-153D光路结构图-光纤前端图18-163D光路结构图-光纤输出端《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品Zemax激光光学设计实例应用—自学案例汇编311,忌HL428,总5732屮9,"F31之18,28187,1H6」5s.92712,3白占2,3日318H1JE TEG TOR工MRGE:Cu仨RENT工 CERO LHNGELD: YAG BERM DELIVERY SYSTE1灯T职R1, NSCE RFACE L江正区W翼四,HM工能防,PXL5E的日H.ILHT=8工RRRL工FNCE:3,1L8HE+2H^2TOTHL PERB,5551E-图18-17探测器光线分析-光线输出端(相干模式)H⑦13屮131忌3L7s叫sDETECTOR工MRGE:工 COHEZET工RRR囗工FCEHG BERM DELIVERY SYSTE正 TECTOR10. NSCG EURFACE LX,啦H工能TE,PX555H而HT=第83工 H:z:22SrCH+图18-18探测器光线分析-光线输出端(非相干模式)《 Matlab辅助激光光学分析与应用》作者出品

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