5G应用场景分析
描述了5G在VR、无人机、医疗和快递等场景的应用，指出中国5G发展中存在的各种问题CAICTAT-2◇2◇中国信通院M202050推进组引言第五代移动通信(5G)以全新的移动通信系统通、医疗、无人机、环保等众多领域的参赛项目300架构,提供至少十倍于4G的峰值速率、毫秒级的佘个。经过网络投票、初审、复赛、决赛等环节层传输时延和千亿级的连接能力,实现劂络性能新的层选拔,大赛评选岀一等奖十个、二等奖二十个跃升。5G是数字经济的关键基础设施。未来,5G与三等奖三十个、优秀奖三十七个、最佳组织奖云计算、大数据、人工智能等技术的深度融合,将个、最佳创意奖一个、最佳设计奖一个、最佳表现加速5G在各行各业的融合应用,创新商业模式,促奖一个、最佳人气奖五个,在为期六天的大赛“最进5G技术向经济社会各领域的扩散渗透,孕育新兴佳人气奖”评选期间,投票平台访问次数1427万,信息产品和服务,拓展数字经济发展新空间累计投票数540万。随着5G商用脚步越来越近,探索发掘、推通过“‘绽放杯’5G应用征集大赛”,我广普及5G典型应用成为5G成功商用的关键。为们欣喜地看到了5G在工业互联网、车联网、智慧此,在工业和信息化部的指导下,中国信息通信医疗等各个领域的应用潜力,感受到了企业和个硏究院和IMT-2020(5G)推进组主办了“绽放人的创新创业活力。5G已经点燃全社会“大众创杯”5G应用征集大赛,向全社会广泛征集5G应新、万众创业”的热情,5G融合应用已经成为汇用创新项目,充分发挥行业需求和企业创新主体聚产、学、研、用以及创新各类要素的集成器,作用,助力5G商业化进程。成为国家创新驱动发展战略的重要推进器。这些“绽放杯”5G应用征集大赛于2018年1月16日应用将成为5G试商用的种子,在5G发展过程中在北京启动,为更好地发挥大赛对产业的催化作绽放光华,开出绚丽的“5G之花”用,大赛组委会陆续在北京、重庆、广州、鹰潭等本白皮书依托“‘绽放杯’5G应用征集大地举办了行业应用研讨会、无线网络与医疗行业融”,分析了我国5G应用发展特点,并重点研究了合发展高峰论坛、车联网论坛、5G厶ⅤR/AR创新医疗健康、车联网、无人机、VR/AR及工业互联论坛、工业互联网论坛、开源平台论坛等系列活网五大5G应用用例,形成了面向5G应用的四层体动。大赛得到了业界的广泛关注和支持,经过3个系,基本反映了日前我国5G应用的最新进展及发展多月的项目征集,共收到面向工业、VR/AR、交脉络,并据此提出相关发展建议。GAcT|贪AT-2◇2◇中国信通院MT2020(5G)推进组5G推动人类社会走向“万物互联1.5G无所不在,通过新连接构筑新2.5G跨界融合,拓展数字经济发展生活、新社会新领域、新空间5G是引领万物互联的强力催化剂,开启人类5G是数字经济的关键基础设施,成为推动信息社会的新一轮变革。5G以全新的移动通信系各类产业发展的加速引擎,催生更多新兴需求和统架构,提供至少十偕于4G的峰值速率、毫秒级服务。5G作为一项通用型技术,将全面构筑经的传输时延和千亿级的连接能力,实堄网络性能ˆ济社会数字化转型的关键基础设施,实现与经济新的跃升,提供前所未有的移动互联网业务体验社会各行业的深度融合,推动数字经济迈上新台和物联网连接能力。5G将促进人类交互方式再次阶,为实现经济高质量发展提供有力支撑。5G将升级,为用户提供3D超高清视频、VR/AR(虚重塑传统产业发展模式,实现业务改造或重构。拟现实/増强现实)、浸入式游戏等更加极致的5G融入到设计、研发、生产、管理、服务等各业务体验。5G与家居、医疗、汽车、教育、旅游个环节,满足人、物、机器等各要素之间全连接等行业融合渗透,将深刻改变生活方式,带来远需求,实现泛在深度互联,并带来工作模式的创程医疗、车联网、智能家居、云桌面等新应用,新,实现个性化定制、远程监控、远程运维、智为人们在居住、工作、休闲、交通等方面提供便能产品服务等新模式,使行业变得更加数字化利。5G还将提升社会治理能力和效率,给城市管网络化、智能化。5G与ICT(信息通信技术)新理、照明、抄表、停车、公共安全与应急处置等技术融合发展,将创新应用和服务。未来,5G将行业带来新型智慧应用,实现社会治理现代化与云计算、大数据、人工智能、区块链等技术深总体上看,5G的广泛应用将深刻改变人类信息社度融合,通过深度挖掘新技术和各垂直领域对5G会的生产和生活方式,引发信息革命风暴。应用的需求,加速5G与各行各业融合,创新应用和服务,促进5G技术向经济社会各领域的扩散渗透,孕育新兴信息产品和服务,拓展数字经济发展新空间CAICTAT292◇中国信通院M202050推进组3.5G助力发展,铸造制造强国、网台,是确保制造强国、数字中国、互联网+先进络强国新基石制造业等国家战略顺利推进的关键。2018年6月5G将催生经济增长新动能,助力我国经济7日,工信部发布了《工业互联网发展行动计划结构转型升级。当前,我国经济发展进入新时(2018-2020)》提出着力建设先进网络基础设代,已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,正施,5G将进一步升级我国的信息网络基础设施。处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动多个省市将5G视为创新战略的重要抓手,纷纷力的攻关期。党的十九大报告指出,要加快推进着手5G布局。各地政府不断出台5G基础设施建制造强国、网络强国建设。5G作为网络强国重要设、产业、应用等相关政策,大力推动5G规模组组成部分,将成为驱动我国经济发展的基础性平网建设及应用示范,为5G发展奠定良好基础。3GAcT|贪AT-2◇2◇中国信通院MT2020(5G)推进组目前我国5G应用发展主要特点随着5G商用脚步越来越近,探索发掘、推联网、工业控制、远程手术等对时延和可靠性具普及5G典型应用成为5G成功商用的关键。有极高要求的垂直行业,为用户提供亳秒级的端“‘绽放杯’5G应用征集大赛”于20l8年2月1日到端时延和接近100%的业务可靠性保证;mMTC正式开启项目征集。项日征集期间,主办方举办主要面向智慧城市、环境监测、智慧农业,森林了5G行业应用研讨会、无线网络与医疗行业融合防火等以传感和数据采集为目标的应用场景,具发展高峰论坛、车联网论坛、5G云VR′AR创新有小数据包、低功耗、海量连接等特点。论坛、工业互联网论坛、开源平台论坛等系列活本次大赛应用项目,既有面向eMBB、动。经过3个月的项目征集,大赛共收到参赛项mMTC、 URLLC独立场景,也有涵盖eMBB目300余个。通过对“‘绽放杯’5G应用征集大mMTC、 URLLO三方面的混合场景。各应用领赛”参赛项目进行梳理分析,可以看到参赛项目域的多数应用项目尽可能充分利用和挖掘5G三大基本反映了目前我国5G应用的进展及发展脉络。应用场景的技术能力和特点,提供综合解决方案以下是通过分析得出的主要发现。和服务能力。其中,共有34.3%的5G应用项目面向eMBB和 URLLO混合场景,体现了对大带宽1.5G应用创新侧重大带宽、低时低时延、高可靠的技术需求延、高可靠5G主要有三大应用场景:eMBB(增强移动宽带)、 URLLC(低时延高可靠)、mMIC(海量大连接)。eMBB将为移动互联冈业务提供前所未有的极致体验。eMBB主要满足超高清视频、下代社交网络、浸入式游戏、全息视频等移动互联网业务需求,随时随地(包括小区边缘、高速移动等恶劣环境和局部热点地区)为用户提供无缝的高速业务。 URLLO和mMTC将满足物联网及垂直行业的多样化应用需求。 URLLC主要面向车CAICTAT292◇中国信通院M202050推进组行业应用技术场景eMBBeMBB、mMTC、 URLLOmMTCm MTC. URllcURLLOeMBB、 URLLCeMBB、mMTC一应用数量图1面向5G不同场景的应用项目情况5cAcT|贪中国信通院AT-2◇2◇MT2020(5G)推进组2.5G重点应用领域脱颖而出而VR/AR、高清视频、无人机、机器人作为5G5G通过与交通、医疗、工业、文化体育、能网络的基本业务,未来可能应用于各种5G场景,源等各个行业融合,孕育新兴信息产品和服务,是5G通用型应用。产生各种5G行业应用,重塑传统产业发展模式。行业应用智医城正么交健联环旋螽电安农通康理筒保乐网全业仓储物流5G与各行业融合创新文体制造交通医疗公共安全能源通用型应用基于5G的云VRAR5G网联无人机基于5G的无线初器人基于5G的4K8K高请视频图25G应用总体视图通过分析我们发现,很多项目通过提供整体外,VR/AR、无人机、高清视频等应用数量突的网络解决方案为各行各业提供通用型方案,此出,也是未来5G重点通用型应用。6CAICTAT292◇中国信通院M202050推进组1%4%15%29%6%6%6%31%1%通用型应用■R/AR■机器人■网绍解决方案国无人机■其他■高清视频■改据存储■数据分析处理■操作系统图35G通用型应用占比情况5G通过与工业、农业、交通、医疗、环领域的应用项目最多。大部分应用项目处于保等各个领域各个行业的融合,不断探索形正在进行需求调研和功能设计阶段,小部分成新产品、新业态、新模式,助力传统产业应用正在进行试用,反映出目前5G应用还属转型升级发展。本次大赛中,智慧交通、医于起步阶段。通过市场分析和预测,大部分疗健康、公共安全与应急处理和文体娱乐等应用项目前景可期。cAcT|贪中国信通院AT-2◇2◇MT2020(5G)推进组行业应用数量行业应用发展阶段行业应用市场前景行业应用省慧交通工业互联网城市管坦■智慧环保■智慧旅游智慧交通医疗健康文体娱乐■智慧金融文体娱乐■智慧农■智能电网智慧家庭智慧教育仓储物流■其他公共安全他慧教育城市言理智环保仓锤物沉昝慧衣业智慧旅游工业互联网纯创意正在进已完成已完成已完成已完成正在进内容空过于遥市汤不前景可市场空智慧家庭阶段行需求功能设初步开原型设第一版行试用远明朗期间大调研计发计图45G各行业应用数量和发展阶段及前景3.5G和大数据、云计算、人工智能沜科技技术的深度融合,产生了更具创新的丰富等|CT前沿科技技术深度融合应用,提升了5G各应用领域的智能化水平。以大本次大赛中,较多的应用项目使用了大数数据技术为例,本次大赛中共有22.5%的5G应用据、云计算、边缘计算、虚拟/增强现实、人工项目使用大数据技术。智能等ICT前沿科技技术。通过5G和上述ICT前8
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Inside_NAND_Flash_Memories.pdf
Inside_NAND_Flash_Memories.pdfRino micheloni· Luca Crippa· Alessia marelliInside nand flashMemoriesSpringerRino micheloniLuca CrippaIntegrated Device TechnologyForward InsightsAgrate BrianzaNorth yorkItalCanadarino. micheloni@ieee. orgluca.crippa @ieee.orgAlessia marelliIntegrated Device Technologyagrate brianzaItalylessiamarelli@gmail.comISBN97890-481-9430-8e-ISBN97890-481-9431-5DOI10.1007/978-90-481-9431-5Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New YorkLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2010931597O Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or byany means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without writtenbeing entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the wor Ose ofpermission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpoCover design: eStudio Calamar SLPrinted on acid-free paperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+businessMedia(www.springer.com)PrefaceIn the last decade Flash cards became the most important digital storage supportIt is difficult to identify a single killer application(digital photography, MP3digital video, ...)or whether the success of this media support is due to itsusability in different applications. It is also difficult to state whether the recentlution in the infotainment area has been triggered by the availability of high-performance NAND Flash memories or if the extraordinary success of Flash cardsis a consequence of the establishment of new applicationsIn any case, independently of the cause-effect relationship linking new digitalapplications and Flash cards, to realize how NANd Flash memories entered in ourdaily life, it is sufficient to imagine as they would change our recent habits if theNAND memories disappeared suddenly. To take a picture it would be necessary tofind a film (as well as a traditional camera .), disks or even magnetic tapes wouldbe used to record a video or to listen a song, and a cellular phone would return tobe a simple mean of communication rather than a console for an extendedentertainmentThe development of nand Flash memories will not be set down on the mereevolution of these digital systems since a new killer application can trigger a furthersuccess for this memory support: the replacement of Hard Disk Drives(HDD)with Solid State Drives (SSD)The advantages of Ssd with respect to HDD are countless(higher read/writspeed, higher mechanical reliability, random access, silent operation, lower powerconsumption, lower weight, .. ) Nevertheless, the cost per gigabyte is stillsignificantly favorable to hDd and the success of ssd will depend only on theperformances that they will succeed in reachingThe present book, the fourth authored by rino micheloni and coworkers afterVLSI-Design of Non-volatiles Memories, Memories in Wireless Systems and ErrorCorrection Codes for Non-volatile Memories, all published by Springer, tacklesall the main aspects related to NANd Flash memories, from the physicaltechnological, and circuit issues to their use in Flash cards and SsdsAfter an extended market overview(Chap. 1), Chap 2 has been conceived as aguide for the entire book, so that the reader can directly reach the heart of theproblems that interest himThe following chapters deepen physical and technological aspects. In particularChaps. 3 and 4 tackle technological and reliability issues of traditional FloatingGate NAND memories, respectively, while the state-of-the-art of charge trappingtechnologies is effectively summarized in Chap 5Ⅴ i PrefaceThe central part of the book is dedicated to circuit issues: logic( Chap. 6),sensing circuits(Chaps. 8 and 9)and high voltage blocks( Chaps. 1l and 12)Other basic topics related to circuit aspects are also analyzed, such as theimplementation of Double Data Rate interfaces( Chap. 7), while multilevel storage(2 bits per cell) is presented in Chap. 10Techniques adopted to increase memory reliability and yield are discussedin Chaps. 13 and 14, the former dealing with redundancy, the latter with ErrorCorrection Codes. The test flux used by nand memories manufactures is describedin Chap 15Chapter 16 focus on nand devices storing 3 and 4 bits per cell that allowreaching the lower cost per gigabyte and that will conquer, in the next few years,the market of consumer applicationsThe last chapters are dedicated to the two most popular systems based onNAND memories: Flash cards( Chap. 17)and SsD(Chap. 18). The relationshipbetween Nand memories and system performances are highlightedFinally, Chap. 19 describes the effects of ionizing radiations on non-volatilememories, to understand whether NaNd memories can be safely used in spaceand military applicationsProf. Piero olivoDean of the Engineering FacultyUniversity of ferrara, ItalyAcknowledgementsAfter completing a project like a technical book, it is very hard to acknowledgeall the people who have contributed directly or indirectly with their work anddedicationFirst of all, we wish to thank all the authors of the contributed chaptersWe have to thank mark de Jongh for giving us the possibility of publishing thiswork and cindy zitter for her continuous supportLast but not least, we keep in mind all our present and past colleagues for theirsuggestions and fruitful discussionsRino. Luca and alessiaTable of contentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsvIII Market and applications for nand Flash memoriesGregory Wong2 NAND overview: from memory to systemsR. Micheloni, A Marelli and S. Commodaro3 Program and erase of Nand memory arrays55Cristoph Friederich4 Reliability issues of NAND Flash memoriesC. Zambelli. a. Chimenton and p. olivo5 Charge trap nand technologies115Alessandro grossi6 Control logic131A Marelli.R Micheloni andR. ravasio7 NAND DDR interface161Andrea silvagni8 Sensing circuits197L. Crippa and R. micheloni9 Parasitic effects and verify circuits235L. Crippa and R. michelonO MLC Storage261L Crippa and R Micheloni11 Charge pumps, voltage regulators and HV switchesR Micheloni and L Crippa
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